ABSTRACT
KEY MESSAGE: Transcriptome analysis of Cd-treated switchgrass roots not only revealed novel switchgrass transcripts and gene structures but also highlighted the indispensable role of HSF/HSP network in switchgrass Cd tolerance. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a C4 perennial tall grass, can be used for revegetation of Cd-contaminated soil. In the present study, a comparative transcriptome analysis of Cd-treated switchgrass roots was conducted. The result revealed a total of 462 novel transcripts and refined gene structures of 2337 transcripts. KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology analyses of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) suggested that activation of redox homeostasis and oxidation-related metabolic processes were the primary response to Cd stress in switchgrass roots. In particular, 21 out of 23 differentially expressed shock transcription factor genes (HSFs), and 22 out of 23 differentially expressed heat shock protein genes (HSPs) had increased expression levels after Cd treatment. Furthermore, over-expressing one HSP-encoding gene in Arabidopsis significantly improved plant Cd tolerance. The result highlighted the activation of the redox homeostasis and the involvement of the HSF/HSP network in re-establishing normal protein conformation and thus cellular homeostasis in switchgrass upon Cd stress. These DEGs, especially those of the HSF/HSP network, could be used as candidate genes for further functional studies toward improved plant Cd tolerance in switchgrass and related species.
Subject(s)
Cadmium/adverse effects , Heat Shock Transcription Factors/metabolism , Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism , Panicum/genetics , Plant Roots/genetics , Transcriptome , Arabidopsis/drug effects , Arabidopsis/genetics , Arabidopsis/physiology , Cadmium Chloride/adverse effects , Gene Expression , Gene Ontology , Heat Shock Transcription Factors/genetics , Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Molecular Chaperones/genetics , Molecular Chaperones/metabolism , Panicum/drug effects , Panicum/physiology , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Plant Roots/drug effects , Plant Roots/physiology , RNA, Plant/chemistry , RNA, Plant/genetics , Sequence Analysis, RNA , Stress, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of autogenous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel with acellular xenogeneic dermal matrix in the treatment of deep II degree burns. METHODS: From January 2007 to December 2009, 30 cases of deep II degree burns were treated. There were 19 males and 11 females with an average age of 42.5 years (range, 32-57 years). The burn area was 10% to 48% of total body surface area. The time from burn to hospitalization was 30 minutes to 8 hours. All patients were treated with tangential excision surgery, one side of the wounds were covered with autogenous PRP gel and acellular xenogeneic dermal matrix (PRP group), the other side of the wounds were covered with acellular xenogeneic dermal matrix only (control group). The healing rate, healing time, infection condition, and scar formation were observed. RESULTS: At 7 days after operation, the infection rate in PRP group (6.7%, 2/30) was significantly lower than that in control group (16.7%, 5/30, P < 0.05). The healing times were (18 +/- 4) days and (22 +/- 4) days respectively in PRP group and control group, showing significant difference (P < 0.05). The healing rates at 14 days and 21 days were 75% +/- 7% and 88% +/- 5% in PRP group, were 62% +/- 15% and 73% +/- 7% in control group, showing significant difference (P < 0.05). RPR group was superior to control group in elasticity, color, appearance, softness, scar formation, and healing quality. CONCLUSION: Autogenous PRP gel with acellular xenogeneic dermal matrix can accelerate the wound healing of deep II degree burns as well as alleviate the scar proliferation.
Subject(s)
Burns/therapy , Dermis/transplantation , Platelet-Rich Plasma , Skin Transplantation , Adult , Female , Gels , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Transplantation, Heterologous , Wound HealingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the application of damage control surgery (DCS) strategy in the treatment of severe burn-trauma combined injury. METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2009, 28 patients with severe burn-trauma combined injury received salvage treatment according to DCS, including 12 cases of burn combining injury at 2 sites, 6 cases of burn combining injury at 3 sites, and 10 cases of burn combining injury at 4 sites or above. There were 18 males and 10 females with a median age of 39.5 years (range, 8-56 years). The burn area was 15% to 56% of total body surface area. The injury severity score a (ISS) was 25 to 56, and the traumatic index was 17 to 24. Lethal triad syndrome occurred in all patients. Of them, 16 cases were on admission immediately after first-aid, and 12 cases were transferred from other hospitals. The time from injury to hospitalization was 20 minutes to 36 hours. All patients were treated by immediate fluid resuscitation and emergent operation to control hemorrhage and contaminations. Biological dressings were used to seal the wounds provisionally. The systemic therapy was carried out as soon as the vital signs of the patients became stable. RESULTS: In 26 survivors, 23 achieved wound healing by first intention, 3 had a little residual wound at discharge. The hospitalization days were 31 to 398 days (62 days on average). However, 1 patient died of multiple organ failure, another 1 patient died of severe cerebral trauma with refractory shock. CONCLUSION: The DCS strategy is effective in reducing mortality of patients with severe burn-trauma combined injury.
