[Overview on the modern development of fire needling device: from tradition to innovation].

The appropriate needle device is crucial for obtaining the curative effect of fire needling therapy. The article introduces the material specification, clinical operation, indications, characteristics and advantages of the contemporary traditional fire needling devices (e.g. He's fire needle and Shi 's fire needle) and the contemporary new-type ones (e.g. fire needling with filiform needle and micro-needle); and determines the innovations of modern fire needling. It is anticipated that the needle specifications, production process and operation standard of fire needling devices should be further unified so as to provide the references for the selection of fire needling devices in treatment based on clinical syndrome differentiation and expand the clinical application of fire needling therapy.

[Innovation, development and application of contemporary fire needling].

Physicians in the past dynasties have improved the theory of fire needling from the aspects of fire needling instruments, clinical efficacy, application scope, operation, precautions, etc., which promoted the clinical application of fire needling. Modern fire needling breaks through the traditional clinical taboos such as heat syndrome, face, forbidden acupoints, and no needle retention. By using modern fire needling with various types, characteristics and functions, multiple needles and multiple methods are used to treat various diseases, which can further exert the therapeutic effect of fire needling and promote the popularization and application of fire needle therapy.

Effects of intermittent hypoxia stimulation with different frequencies on HT22 cell viability and expression of Hif-1α and p-NF-κB / 生理学报

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) could induce cognitive impairment through oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the degree of cell damage is closely related to the IH stimulus frequency. IH stimulation with different frequencies also induces opposite results on neuronal cell lines. Therefore, this study was aimed to compare the effects of IH stimulation with three different frequencies on murine hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell activity, and to explore the molecular mechanism of the IH stimulus frequency-related neuron injury. HT22 cells were cultured and divided into control group and three IH stimulation groups with different frequencies. Oxygen concentration in the chamber was circulated between 21% and 1% (IH1 group, 6 cycles/h; IH2 group, 2 cycles/h; IH3 group, 0.6 cycle/h). Cell morphology was observed at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of IH treatment. Cell viability was determined by the CCK-8 kit, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content in cell supernatant was determined by LDH kit, oxidative stress level was detected by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe, and protein expression levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) and phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (p-NF-κB) were detected by Western blot. The results showed that, compared with control group, cell number and activity in the three IH groups were decreased, LDH content and ROS levels were increased with the prolongation of IH stimulation time, and the changes were most obvious in the IH1 group among those of the three IH groups. Hif-1α expression and the p-NF-κB/NF-κB ratio were also up-regulated with the prolongation of IH stimulation time, and the changes of IH1 group were the most significant. These results suggest that IH stimulation induces oxidative stress injury in HT22 cells, which is related to increased Hif-1α expression and NF-κB phosphorylation. Moreover, the higher frequency of IH stimulation induces more serious cell injury.

[Effect of fire-needle intervention on joint function, cartilage impairment and inflammatory response in knee osteoarthritis rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of fire-needle stimulation of "Neixiyan"(EX-LE4) and "Dubi"(ST35) on changes of motor function, structure of cartilage degradation and inflammatory factors in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rats, so as to explore its underlying mechanisms in improving KOA. METHODS: Thirty-nine male SD rats were randomly divided into normal, model and fire-needle groups (n＝13 in each group). The KOA model was established by injection of Monoiodoacetate (MIA, 1 mg) into the lumen of the right knee joint. On the 7th day after successful modeling, fire-needle was applied to EX-LE4 and ST35, twice a week for 3 weeks. The rats' behavioral reactions of gait (0 to 3 points) and claw pressure (0 to 3 points) were scored, and histopathological changes scored by assessing the impairment grade (0 to 6) and stage (0 to 4) of the articular cartilage after safranin O-fast green staining. The contents of serum Interleukin (IL)-1α， Tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), IL-10, IL-37 and transforming growth factor ß(TGF-ß) were assayed by ELISA, and ultrastructural changes were observed under transmission electron microscope(TEM). RESULTS: After modeling, the gait and claw-pressure scores were significantly increased in the model group in comparison with the normal group (P<0.05), and the OA score and contents of serum IL-1α and TNF-α were also appa-rently increased in the model group relevant to the normal group (P<0.05，P<0.01), while the levels of serum IL-10, IL-37 and TGF-ß remarkably decreased in the model group in contrast to the normal group (P<0.01). After the intervention, the increase of gait and claw-pressure and OA scores, as well as serum IL-1α and TNF-α contents, and the decrease of serum IL-10, IL-37 and TGF-ß levels were all reversed in the fire needle group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Outcomes of TEM showed more and larger lipid droplets, swollen mitochondria with some vacuoles, and expanded, broken or dissolved rough endoplasmic reticulum in the model group, which was milder in the fire-needle group. CONCLUSION: Fire-needle can improve motor function and relieve impairment of articular cartilage of KOA rats, which may be related to its effects in reducing inflammatory factors and in increasing anti-inflammatory factor levels.

Improvement of hydrogen on liver oxidative stress injury in chronic intermittent hypoxia rats / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effects of hydrogen on liver injury in chronic intermittent hypoxia rats and the related oxidative stress mechanism.@*METHODS@#Twenty-four male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups(=8):the normoxia group (Norm), the chronic intermittent hypoxia group (CIH), the chronic intermittent hypoxia and hydrogen group (H + CIH). Rats in Norm group were exposed in air, those in the other 2 groups suffered from chronic intermittent hypoxia conditions for 5 weeks. Before the CIH treatment, rats in H+CIH group inhaled hydrogen gas at 67% concentration for 1 hour. The serum biochemical indicators of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokine, liver enzyme and blood lipid were inspected after five weeks treatment, the pathological changes of liver tissue were also observed in the transmission electron microscope.@*RESULTS@#Compared with Norm group, the microstructure of liver cells was severely injured, and the serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(ALT),glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (AST) were significantly higher in CIH group (<0.05); the serum level of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG) and interleukin-6(IL-6) was significantly higher, the serum level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly lower. Compared with CIH group, the pathology of liver microstructure were significantly improved and the serum levels of ALT, AST were significantly lower in H+CIH group (<0.05); the serum levels of 8-OHdG and IL-6 were significantly lower, the serum level of SOD was significantly higher. Compared with Norm group, the serum level of IL-1 was higher, the serum level of TC, TG, and low density lipoprotein(LDL) were lower, but there was no statistical difference with those in CIH group. There was no statistical difference in the serum level of high density lipoprotein (HDL)among the three groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Pre-treatment with hydrogen could improve the liver injury caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia, and reducing oxidative stress level for protecting the liver cells damage.

Bosentan ameliorates hypertension in rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia through inhibiting renal sympathetic nerve activity / 生理学报

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the oral endothelin antagonist Bosentan on blood pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), and to explore the sympathoexcitation mechanism of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in CIH-induced hypertension. Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into normoxia, CIH and Bosentan groups. Rats in the normoxia group were exposed to normoxic environment, and rats in CIH or Bosentan group were exposed to intermittent hypoxia for 3 weeks. Bosentan was given at 50 mg/kg by intragastric administration before intermittent hypoxia exposure in Bosentan group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by BP-2000, and the change of RSNA to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or phenylephrine (PE) was recorded by PowerLab signal acquisition system. Serums of all rats were collected and the contents of ET-1 and norepinephrine (NE) were measured by ELISA. Results showed that blood pressure was gradually increased following CIH exposure compared with the normoxia group during the 3 weeks (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.001). The basal RSNA was increased and baroreflex sensitivity was decreased in rats exposed to CIH. Furthermore, the blood pressure was positively correlated with the level of ET-1 in serum in rats exposed to CIH (r = 0.833, P = 0.01). Bosentan administration significantly decreased SBP and basal RSNA, increased the baroreflex sensitivity, and decreased serum NE level in rats exposed to CIH. These results suggest that ET-1 is related with blood pressure elevation in rats exposed to CIH, and Bosentan reverses CIH-induced hypertension by decreasing RSNA.

Nutritional nursing intervention on improvement of blood sugar, blood lipid level in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the effect of nutritional nursing on improving blood lipid and blood glucose of pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods 84 pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism from May 2014 to December 2016, were randomly divided into two groups, the control group and the experimental group. The control group was given routine nursing intervention, including the choice of food and food guidance, and so on, according to the method of the diabetes food exchange , at the end of pregnancy, patients were followed up. The experimental group was given strict nutrition nursing intervention, on the basis of the control group. Results The blood glucose levels of pregnant women were significantly higher than in the end of pregnancy, and fasting glucose of mid pregnancy in the control group was significantly lower than the late pregnancy, in the aspect of blood glucose of 2hafter meal and the fasting blood glucose in the middle of pregnancy. Level of lipid triglycerides in the experimental group and the control group were obviously lower than the late pregnancywith statistical significance (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c) and total cholesterol levels in mid and late pregnancy between the experimental group and the control group . Conclusion Lipid metabolism disorder is mainly showed as triglycerides in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism, nutritional nursing intervention could effectively control blood sugar levels in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism, without obvious effect on improving blood lipid, and is worthy of application.

Nutritional nursing intervention on improvement of blood sugar, blood lipid level in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To study the effect of nutritional nursing on improving blood lipid and blood glucose of pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods 84 pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism from May 2014 to December 2016, were randomly divided into two groups, the control group and the experimental group. The control group was given routine nursing intervention, including the choice of food and food guidance, and so on, according to the method of the diabetes food exchange , at the end of pregnancy, patients were followed up. The experimental group was given strict nutrition nursing intervention, on the basis of the control group. Results The blood glucose levels of pregnant women were significantly higher than in the end of pregnancy, and fasting glucose of mid pregnancy in the control group was significantly lower than the late pregnancy, in the aspect of blood glucose of 2hafter meal and the fasting blood glucose in the middle of pregnancy. Level of lipid triglycerides in the experimental group and the control group were obviously lower than the late pregnancywith statistical significance (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c) and total cholesterol levels in mid and late pregnancy between the experimental group and the control group . Conclusion Lipid metabolism disorder is mainly showed as triglycerides in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism, nutritional nursing intervention could effectively control blood sugar levels in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism, without obvious effect on improving blood lipid, and is worthy of application.

Overview of current researches on Tibetan medicine "zuotai" / 中国中药杂志

"Zuotai" is one of the main raw material of many rare Tibetan medicine, and it plays a important role in the system of Tibetan medicine. There are some toxic heavy metals in "Zuotai", such as Hg, Au, Pb and so on. As a result, it's urgent to study the safety and effectiveness of "Zuotai" in depth. This paper will analyze and induce the resent progress of the study about "Zuotai". With constipation, "Zuotai" and "Zuotai" as key words, CNKI, CHINAINFO, CQVIP were retrieved, Springer were retrieved besides. Relevant 86 references were obtained. Twenty-two for reference were adopted through screening. The paper reviewed the resent progress of the study about "Zuotai" in chemical composition, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, toxicology and clinical application. This will establish the basis for further study.

[Summarization of professor He Pu-ren's channel syndrome differentiation for treatment of complicated and difficult diseases].

Channel syndrome differentiation is a more commonly-used syndrome differentiation method of Professor HE Pu-ren clinically, which includes the 3 aspects: differentiation of diseases and syndromes on the channel parts along the body surface; differentiation of diseases and syndromes of the internal organs connected with the channels; differentiation of qi and blood of the channels. According to results of the channel syndrome differentiation, with flexible application of the HE's Santong methods and selection of corresponding treatment program, many complicated and difficult diseases are cured.

Assessment the genetic diversity of Auricularia strains by two PCR-based typing methods.

Two PCR-based methods, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), were adopted for differentiating Auricularia strains. Taken the similarity coefficient as 75%, 29 strains of three Auricularia species were grouped into 6 and 9 clusters by RAPD and ERIC, respectively. The dendrogram from ERIC exhibited two distinct parts, one representing A. auricula and the other A. polytricha, but the dendrogram from RAPD failed to clearly distinguish between these two species. However, both methods similarly revealed high homology between A. fuscosuccinea and A. auricula. The homology relationships among the three species obtained from ERIC were validated by Southern hybridization. The analyses showed that RAPD is able to differentiate mainly at the species level, while ERIC is effective at the strain level and therefore more consistent with cultivation characteristics. The results indicate that the method of ERIC-PCR is more rapid and reliable than RAPD, and may substitute for RAPD in research related to the genetic identification and genetic diversity in Auricularia.