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italic>Chaetomium globosum WQ, an endophyte derived from Imperata cylindrical, can produce abundant cytochalasan compounds through solid state fermentation. Based on previous research and guided by 1H NMR spectrum and TLC, a new cytochalasan compound was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of a solid culture of C. globosum WQ using silica gel column chromatography, gel filtration over Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC. The new compound was characterized as 20-iso-chaetoglobosin E (1) by a combination of spectroscopic (HR-MS, 1D and 2D NMR) analyses.
ABSTRACT
The nonpeptide AVE0991 is an agonist of the angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) Mas receptor and is expected to be a putative new drug for treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms involved in the antiproliferative effects of AVE0991 are not fully understood. We saw that the compound attenuated proliferation in an angiotensin II-induced rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) proliferation model. Moreover, treatment with AVE0991 (10(-5) mol/L or 10(-7) mol/L) significantly attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and dose-dependently (10(-8) to 10(-5) mol/L) inhibited Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation. Meanwhile, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression increased in the AVE0991 + Ang II group (10(-5) mol/L or 10(-6) mol/L). However, the beneficial effects of AVE0991 were completely abolished when the VSMC were pretreated with A-779 (10(-6) mol/L). Furthermore, treatment with the HO-1 inhibitor ZnPPIX attenuated the inhibitory effect of AVE0991 on Ang II-induced p38MAPK phosphorylation. These results suggest that AVE0991 attenuates Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion and that this effect is associated with the Mas/HO-1/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) develop into hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages but have not been known to participate in production of retina. Eye was known as an immunologically privileged organ. Because of its special structure, it's difficult for blood cells to enter retina. This article is to trace bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) after subretinally transplanted into Nd: YAG laser-injured rat retinal without in vitro differentiation induction. METHOD: 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI)-labeled MSCs were used to trace the change of MSCs after transplantation on day 10, 20, 35 and 50. The sequenced sections were used for Immunohistochemistry identification for neuronal nuclei (NeuN), neuron specific enolase (NSE), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and pancytokeratin (CK). Electroretinogram (ERG) b waves were recorded for each eye of the laser injured group, the laser injured transplanted group and the laser injured with saline injection control group before, right after or at every end of 1 to 7 weeks. RESULTS: On day 10, the DAPI positive cells were mainly crowded around the transplanted site. On day 20 the positive area enlarged and scattered into RPE layer, photoreceptor layer, bipolar layer and ganglion cell layer. Then the positive area enlarged more widely on day 35 and more cells could be found migrate to the lesion site. The positive area didn't enlarge much on day 50 than on day 35. No formation of rosettes was found during the observation. But the expression of NeuN, NSE, GFAP and CK was not uniform as the normal retina. Cell proliferation was still found. But HE staining showed that the lesion in the transplanted group was better than that of the control group. Correspondingly ERG b-wave value at week 5 was higher than the control group. CONCLUSION: From these cells, a proportion of the cells regenerated from bone marrow can be differentiated into retina in vivo. Although the MSCs-derived cells could not precisely express neuro-like proteins, they could help recover lesion and ERG b-wave value.
