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INTRODUCTION: Distinct from other diseases, as cancer progresses, both the symptoms and treatments evolve, resulting in a complex, time-dependent relationship. Many competing risk factors influence the outcome of cancer. An improved method was used to evaluate the data from 6 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) clinical trials combined in our center since 2016 to deal with the bias caused by competing risk factors. Material and Methods. Data of 118 lung cancer patients were collected from 2016 to 2020. Fine and Gray's model for competing risk was used to evaluate survival of different treatment group compares with the classic survival analysis model. RESULTS: Immunotherapy had better progression-free survival than chemotherapy. (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41-0.95, p = 0.0260). However, there were no significant differences in patients who withdrew due to treatment-related adverse events from different groups. (Z = 0.0508, p = 0.8217). The PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in our study did not significantly improve overall survival compared with chemotherapy (HR:0.77, 95% CI:0.48-1.24, p = 0.2812), estimated 1-year overall survival rates were 55% and 46%, and 3-year overall survival rates were 17% and 10%, respectively. CONCLUSION: When the outcome caused by competing risk exists, the corresponding competing risk model method should be adopted to eliminate the bias caused by the classic survival analysis.
Subject(s)
Clinical Trials as Topic , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Aged , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Incidence , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Progression-Free Survival , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To study the effects and mechanism of oncolytic virus M 1（called M 1 virus for short ）inducing the apoptosis of cervical cancer C-33A cells. METHODS ：MTT assay was used to detect survival rate of C- 33A cells that were treated with different titers （0，0.001，0.01，0.1，1，10 PFU/cell）of M 1 virus. C- 33A cells were divided into control group （0 PFU/cell）， low-dose，medium-dose and high-dose groups of M 1 virus（0.001，0.01，0.1 PFU/cell）. After treated with corresponding titers of M1 virus for 48 h，flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rate and infection rate of cells；Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of C/EBP homologous proteins （CHOP），caspase-12，caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase- 3. RESULTS ： After treated with different titers of M 1 virus，the survival rate of C- 33A cells decreased significantly （P＜0.01），and showed a dose-dependent tr end. Compared with control group ，the apoptotic rate and infection rate of cells in M 1 virus groups as well as the protein expression of CHOP ，caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase- 3（except for medium-dose group ）in M 1 virus medium-dose and high-dose groups were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：M1 virus can induce the apoptosis of cervical cancer C-33A cells ，and its mechanism may be related to the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.
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With the expansion of aging population, Alzheimer′s disease (AD) is increasingly imposing a substantial burden on the society. Because of irreversible neuronal death in the brain, effective control of AD relies on early diagnosis for timely therapeutic intervention, and this requires efficient laboratory tests and molecular imaging. Current laboratory tests for AD includes measurements of Aβ peptides, Tau, and a number of other recently discovered molecules in the cerebrospinal fluid and the peripheral blood. PET-based imaging of glucose metabolism, amyloid Aβ, Tau neurofibrillary tangles, TSPO protein, and neuronal receptors, has also proven to be useful in clinical finding of AD. This review will focus on the progress in studies of these biomarkers and methodologies for ADdiagnosis.
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AIM To study the flavonoids from the leaves of Astragalus membranaceus (Fish.) Bge..METHODS The ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol fractions of 75％ ethanol extract from A.membranaceus leaves were isolated and purified by silica,ODS and preparative HPLC column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.RESULTS Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin (1),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),rhamnocitrin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3),rhamnocitrin-3-O-β-neohesperidoside (4),rhamnocitrin-3-O-3-D-glucopyranoside (1'''→2'')-β-D-apiofuranosyl (5),complanatuside (6),glycitein (7),4',7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy isoflavone (8),genistein (9),calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10),genistin (11),glycitin (12),tiliroside (13).CONCLUSION Compounds 5,8,13 are isolated from genus Astragalus for the first time,and compound 2 is first isolated from this plant.
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In this work, retinal penetration of fluorescein was achieved in vitro by covalent attachment of taurine to fluorescein, yielding the F-Tau conjugate. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were used to confirm the successful synthesis of F-Tau. The cellular uptake of F-Tau in adult retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) and human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) was visualized via confocal scanning microscopy. The results indicated an improvement of solubility and a reduction of logP of F-Tau compared with fluorescein. As compared with fluorescein, F-Tau showed little toxicity, and was retained longer by cells in uptake experiments. F-Tau also displayed higher transepithelial permeabilities than fluorescein in ARPE-19 and hRMECs monolayer cells (P<0.05). These results showed that taurine may be a useful ligand for targeting small-molecule hydrophobic pharmaceuticals into the retina.
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The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infected-cell protein 27 (ICP27) is an essential,highly conserved protein involved in various steps of HSV-1 gene regulation as well as in the shut-off of host gene expression during infection.It functions primarily at the post-transcriptional level in inhibiting precursor mRNA splicing and in promoting nuclear export of viral transcripts.Recently,many novel functions performed by the HSV-1 ICP27 protein were shown,including leptomycin B resistance,inhibition of the type I interferon signaling,regulation of the viral mRNA translation and determining the composition of HSV-1 virions.
