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This paper studied the arachnoid of the chiasmatic cistern (CC) and the methods for increasing the exposure of the CC from an endoscopic perspective. Eight anatomical specimens with vascular injection were used for endoscopic endonasal dissection. The anatomical characteristics of the CC were studied and documented, and anatomical measurements were collected. The CC is an unpaired five-walled arachnoid cistern located between the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and the diaphragma sellae. The average exposed area of the CC before the anterior intercavernous sinus (AICS) was transected was 66.67 ± 33.76 mm2 . After the AICS was transected and the pituitary gland (PG) was mobilized, the average exposed area of the CC was 95.90 ± 45.48 mm2 . The CC has five walls and a complex neurovascular structure. It is located in a critical anatomical position. The transection of the AICS and mobilization of the PG or the selective sacrifice of the descending branch of the superior hypophyseal artery can improve the operative field.
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Arachnoid , Subarachnoid Space , Humans , Arachnoid/surgery , Endoscopy , Dura Mater , Cranial SinusesABSTRACT
【Objective】 To perform serological screening of K antigen in Qingdao area and analyze the results. 【Methods】 From March to June 2023, 16 201 samples of patients treated in our hospital and applied for blood grouping, and 4 153 samples of blood donors sent to the clinic by Blood Transfusion Department during the same period were detected for Rh and K antigen by Ortho BioVue System Rh/K Cassette. 【Results】 A total of 18 out of 16 201 patient samples and 8 out of 4 153 blood donor samples were positive for K antigen, with the positive rate at 0.127 7%. 【Conclusion】 There was K antigen in Qingdao population, and the positive frequency of K antigen was different from previous reports. It is of great significance to construct rare blood group bank in this area and formulate reasonable blood donation and transfusion strategy for population with K antigen, so as to avoid unexpected antibody production of Kell blood group system, prevent hemolytic disease of newborn and ensure the safety of blood use.
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Abstract@#Child abuse is a global public health problem, which has emerged as a neglected yet pressing issue in global development. Early and accurate identification of abuse at a lower-age group is of great significance for treatment, which might reduce the risk of re-maltreatment and promote children s physical and mental health development. Therefore, by reviewing the clinical characteristics, risk factors and existing abuse identification and screening tools of child abuse, the study aims at providing basic evidence for the development of child abuse risk identification tools and the establishment of child maltreatment system in China, so as to take timely intervention measures to prevent adverse outcomes or reduce their severity.
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Objective:To investigate frailty status of the elderly patients with leukoaraiosis (LA) and to analyze the correlation between white matter hyperintensities and their frailty status.Methods:From June 2019 to September 2020, a total of 162 patients with leukoaraiosis over 65 years old were screened by cranial MRI.The Fried frailty phenotype was used to evaluate their frailty status.The Fazekas scale scoring method was used to independently assess the periventricular white matter hyperintense (PVH) and deep white matter hyperintense (DWMH) by the cranial MRI images.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.ANOVA test was used to compare normal distribution data between groups, and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare non-normal distribution data between groups.Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between PVH and DWMH scores and Fried frailty phenotype score. Results:Among 162 elderly patients with leukoaraiosis, 46 patients (28.40%) were non-frailty, 76 patients (46.91%)were pre-frailty and 40 patients (24.69%) were frailty.There were statistically significant differences in age( F=9.382, P<0.01), number of chronic diseases( H=10.736, P<0.01), number of medication ( H=15.927, P<0.01) and mini-nutritional assessment short form (MNA-SF) scores( F=5.263, P<0.01) among older LA patients with different frailty phenotype.There was statistical difference in PVH scores in elderly LA patients with different frailty phenotype (χ 2=108.537, P<0.01), but no significant difference in DWMH scores (χ 2=4.239, P>0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation between PVH score and frailty phenotype score in elderly LA patients ( r=0.718, P<0.001). Conclusion:Elderly LA patients have a high incidence of frailty, which may be related to aging, multi-disease coexistence, multiple medication, nutritional risk and other factors.The occurrence of weakness in elderly LA patients is related to periventricular white matter lesions, and the more serious the white matter damage, the more obvious the degree of frailty.
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Objective:To analyze the gait and balance disorder and fall risk in patients with leukoaraiosis (LA) in different degrees and locations.Methods:Seventy-eight patients with LA (LA group) and thirty healthy controls (NC group) were selected.According to Fazekas grading scale, the LA group were subgroups of different degrees(LA1, LA2, LA3)and evaluated independent scores for periventricular white matter hypersignal (PVH) and deep white matter hypersignal (DWMH). All subjects were tested by Tinetti scale, and the gait test, balance test and fall risk assessment were carried out, and the correlation between gait test results and balance test results and PVH and DWMH scores were analyzed.Results:There were significant differences in gait test((11.47±0.51), (10.18±1.29)), balance test((15.63±0.49), (13.96±1.58)) and fall risk((27.10±0.76), (24.15±2.73)) between LA group and NC group ( t=5.310, 5.667, 5.799, all P< 0.01). There were no significant differences in gait test, balance test and fall risk between NC group and LA1 group (all P>0.05). There were significant differences in gait test, balance test and fall risk between NC group and LA2 group and LA3 group ( t=1.110, 1.562, 1.336; 2.592, 3.342, 2.985; all P<0.01). There were significant differences in gait test, balance test and fall risk between LA1 group((11.19±0.85), (15.38±0.75), (26.58±1.47)) and LA2 group((10.36±0.82), (14.07±1.09), (24.43±1.64)) and LA3 group((8.88±0.99), (12.23±1.08), (21.21±1.93)) ( t=0.835, 1.313, 1.039; 2.317, 3.093, 2.756; all P<0.01). There were significant differences in gait test, balance test and fall risk between LA2 group and LA3 group ( t=1.482, 1.780, 1.639, all P<0.01). The analysis showed that the gait test was negatively correlated with the PVH and DWMH scores ( r=-0.810, P<0.01; r=-0.452, P<0.01). The balance test was negatively correlated with the PVH and DWMH scores ( r=-0.502, P<0.01; r=-0.836, P<0.01). Conclusions:There are gait disorder and balance disorder in patients with moderate and severe LA.With the increase of the degree of LA , the damage of gait and balance function is significantly increased, and the risk of fall is also significantly increased.The gait disorder and the balance disorder of LA patients has different correlation with the high-signal score of the white matter in different parts.The correlation between gait disorder and PVH score is more obvious, and the correlation between balance disorder and DWMH score is more obvious.
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Objective: To analyze the phytochemical compounds and to investigate the bio-toxic efficacy of various solvent extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus against mosquito larvae activity and lethality on non-targeting organisms. Methods: The methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and aqueous extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus were subjected to analyze the mosquitocidal activity against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti and toxicity assays on zebra fish and brine shrimp. Three replications were performed, and negative control was also maintained. Amongst, ethyl acetate extract of Plectranthus amboinicus was chosen for the determination of bio-active compounds. Results: The mosquitocidal assays of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus showed the maximal activity with minimal concentration against the 4th instar mosquito-larvae of Aedes aegypti through the following lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) values: 53.36 & 92.51 μg/mL and 13.64 & 86.09 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the plant extracts showed no toxicity on zebra fish embryo and brine shrimp assays. The gas-chromatography analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of Plectranthus amboinicus revealed the presence of seven different compounds. Among them, PAEA-fraction 60 contained a major active bioactive compound, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (270.0). Conclusions: Plectranthus amboinicus possesses mosquitocidal properties and could be used as a potential alternative source for preparing the mosquitocidal agents.
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Objective@#To optimize the method of simultaneous determination of four aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2) of ginger by the ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method and high-throughput method.@*Methods@#The aflatoxins were extracted from ginger by methanol-water (80:20, V/V) solution, concentrated and dried with nitrogen. The aflatoxins were detected by UPLC-MS/MS by using Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 chromatographic column. The mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid water (A phase) -0.1% formic acid methanol (B phase), gradient elution, flow rate 0.35 ml/min, mass spectrometry was electrospray ion source, positive ion scanning mode, multi reaction ion monitoring were using.@*Results@#Quantification of four aflatoxins by matrix matching standard curve. The linear was good in the range of 0.125-20.000 ng/ml, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.999 0. The ginger sample detection was 0.125-0.300 μg/kg and 0.125-1.000 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries were 81.7%-96.0%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower than 7.53%.@*Conclusions@#This method is simple, rapid, sensitive and low limit of detection, which can meet the requirements for the detection of trace aflatoxins residues in ginger.
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Objective To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of erythropoiet (EPO) for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats and investigate the possible role of endoplasmic reticullum stress response and Caspase-12-induced apoptosis.Methods According to the random number table,140 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham injury group,sham injury plus EPO group,TBI group and TBI plus EPO group,with 35 rats per group.TBI was induced by a fluid percussion device.EPO (5 000 U/kg in saline) was administered intraperitoneally at 6 hours after injury.The rate of TUNEL positive cells in injured cortex were measured to evaluate cell apoptosis status.Neurological function was assessed at days 1,4,7,21,28 and 35 after intervention using a modified neurological severity score (mNSS).At 24 hours after injury,the expressions of Caspase-12 in injured cortex and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) which was the symbol of ERS response were measured by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining to assess the changes of ERS response after TBI and EPO treatment.Results TUNEL-positive staining cell density was significantly increased by (30.3 ± 2.3) ％ in the injured cortex 24 hours after injury (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with TBI group,TBI plus EPO group had a significant decrease of the positive rate of TUNEL cells [(14.6 ± 1.5) ％] (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with TBI group,mNSS score significantly was decreased in TBI plus EPO group at 7-35 days after injury (P ＜ 0.05).At 24 hours after injury,the results of Western blot showed that the expression levels of Caspase-12 and CHOP in the injured cortex in TBI group were higher than those in sham group,but that in TBI plus EPO group was lower than those in TBI group (P ＜ 0.01).At 24 hours after injury,the results of immunofluorescent staining showed the rates of Caspase-12 and CHOP positive cells in the injured cortex in TBI group were higher than sham group (P ＜ 0.01).But the rates of Caspase-12 and CHOP positive cells in TBI plus EPO group was lower than that in TBI Group (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Exogenous EPO has significant neuroprotective effects on TBI rats.EPO may exert its neuroproective effects through suppression of ERS response and inhibition of Caspase-12-induced apoptosis.
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Objective To compare the recurrence rate and long-term follow-up angiographic findings between stent-assisted coil embolization and simple coil embolization in treating large and giant intracranial aneurysms.Methods The clinical data and imaging materials of a total of 90 patients with large and giant intracranial aneurysms (＞10 mm,91 aneurysms in total),who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from January 2004 to January 2016 to receive interventional embolization therapy,were retrospectively analyzed.Of the 90 patients,52 patients (52 lesions in total) received simple coil embolization (SCE group)and 38 patients (39 lesions in total) received stent-assisted coil embolization (SACE group).Postoperative recurrence rates of aneurysm were compared between the two groups,and recurrence risk factors were analyzed.Results The whole postoperative recurrence rate of aneurysm and re-treatment rate were 38.5％(35/91) and 20.9％(19/91) respectively;the recurrence rate and re-treatment rate of SACE group were 35.9％ (14/39) and 17.9％ (7/39) respectively,while those of SCE group were 40.4％ (21/52) and 23.1％ (12/52) respectively;the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).Multivariate logistic regression indicated that the recurrence risk factors of large or giant intracranial aneurysms included rupture of aneurysm (OR=0.284,95％CI=0.083-0.978,P=0.046),simple coil embolization (OR=5.03,95％ CI=1.04-24.44,P=0.045),concurrent hypertension (OR =0.13,95％ CI=0.036-0.51,P=0.003)and long time after operation (OR=1.002,95％CI=1.001-1.003,P=0.002).Conclusion Compared with simple coil embolization,stent-assisted coil embolization can reduce the recurrence rate of aneurysm.Rupture of aneurysm,simple coil embolization,long time after operation and concurrent hypertension are independent risk factors for recurrence of aneurysm after transcatheter arterial embolization.
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Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical outcomes of patients with acute type A intranural hematoma of the aorta(IMH) received surgical treatment.Methods We analyzed 40 consecutive patients with acute type A aortic IMH in Fuwai hospital.The patients are from 2012.1.1 to 2015.12.31.The average age of patients is(56 ± 11) years.Clinical outcomes and morphological evolution by CT were analyzed for 2 years.Results Most of the patients were treated medically during their initial hospitalization.There were 2 patients died in in-hospital and no 2-year mortality.16 patients (40％) were received acute surgery,24 patients(60％)were received normal surgery.Conclusion Surgical treatment would be a favorable treatment option in type A acute IMH.
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BACKGROUND: Bone cancer pain presents a clinical challenge with limitations of current treatments. Many patients seek additional therapies that may relieve pain. Many external applications of traditional Chinese medicines (EAs-TCMs) have been evaluated in clinical trials, but fewer are known about them outside of China. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy for bone cancer pain. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in seven databases until December 2014 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about EAs-TCMs in the treatment of bone cancer pain. The primary outcome was total pain relief rate. The secondary outcomes were adverse events at the end of treatment course. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed independently using six-item criteria according to the Cochrane Collaboration. All data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.2.0. We included any RCTs evaluating an EA-TCM for the treatment of bone cancer pain. We conducted a meta-analysis. RESULTS: We included six RCTs with 534 patients. In general, the reporting of methodological issues was poor. Compared with morphine sulfate sustained release tablets (MSSRTs) or radiotherapy or bisphosphonates, we analyzed data from five trials reporting on complete response effect score (relative risk (RR) = 5.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.80-10.31, P < 0.00001) and partial response (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02-1.37, P = 0.02) and six trials reporting on total pain relief rate (RR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.43-1.67, P < 0.00001). Six RCTs showed significant effects of EA-TCM for improving pain relief in patients with bone cancer pain. In addition, no severe adverse events were found. CONCLUSION: This systematic review showed positive but weak evidence of EA-TCM for bone cancer pain because of the poor methodological quality and the small quantity of the included trials. Future rigorously designed RCTs are required.
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Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Morphine/therapeutic use , Pain/drug therapy , Phytotherapy , Aged , Bone Neoplasms/drug therapy , Bone Neoplasms/radiotherapy , China , Delayed-Action Preparations/therapeutic use , Humans , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Middle Aged , Osteosarcoma/drug therapy , Osteosarcoma/radiotherapyABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of celiac continued circulatory hyper -thermia perfusion with chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer with ascites .Methods Databases including the Cochrane Library MEDLINE,PubMed,Embase,CBM,VIP,CNKI and WanFang Data,and the other sources as supplying .The literatures were screened according to the inclusion criteria ,extracted data and assessed the meth-odological quality ,and then meta -analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0.2 software.Results Totally 14 RCTs with 867 patients were included .Meta-analysis showed that compared intraperitoneal chemotherapy ,with celiac continued circulatory hyperthermia perfusion had a significant difference in CR ( OR=3.18,95%CI:2.18~4.64,P<0.00001),PR(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.51~2.77,P<0.00001),overall effective rate(OR=4.88, 95%CI:3.59~6.46,P<0.00001).The incidence of adverse reactions was no statistically significant in the two groups.Conclusion Celiac continued circulatory hyperthermia perfusion with chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer with ascites demonstrates better efficacy and safety ,but it still needs to verify the above conclusion .
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Objective To investigate the episodic memory monitoring in patients with white matter lesions (WML) and explore the relevance of episodic memory disorder and memory monitoring and the possible mechanism.Methods The feeling of knowing-episodic memory (FOK-EM) paradigm was adopted and subsequently administered in 30 WML patients and 30 control participants who were matched in age and educational level.Results Compared with control group (cued recall 4.37 ± 1.59;recognition 8.73 ± 1.05),the episodic memories of WML patients were significantly impaired on the cued recall performance (3.30 ± 1.51,t =2.666,P ＜ 0.05) and recognition performance (7.23 ± 0.77,t =6.306,P ＜ 0.01).Furthermore,the accuracy of FOK judgment (-0.13 ± 0.31),the correct judgment and correct recognition of FOK-EM (23.16％ ±5.96％) and the correct judgment and false recognition of FOK-EM (34.26％ ± 7.65％) in the WML patients group were significantly different compared with the control group (the accuracy of FOK judgment:0.34 ± 0.27,t =6.280,P ＜ 0.01;the correct judgment and correct recognition:35.12％ ± 6.82％,t =7.234,P ＜ 0.01;the correct judgment and false recognition:19.27％ ±6.50％,t =-8.174,P ＜ 0.01).In addition,the correct judgment and false recognition performance were positively correlated with the severity of periventricular lesions and deep white matter lesions in the WMLpatients group (r=0.716,P＜0.01;r=0.598,P＜0.01).Conclusions The WML patients demonstrated an overestimation of their recognition ability of episodic memory.Moreover,this impairment of memory monitoring was correlated with the deficit of executive function caused by the damage of the prefrontal-subcortical circuit,indicating that this mechanism could be an influential factor of episodic memory disorder in WML.
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Patients with ER/HER2-positive breast cancer have a poor prognosis and are less responsive to selective estrogen receptor modulators; this is presumably due to the crosstalk between ER and HER2. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is essential for the survival and maintenance of the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells. An intimate relationship exists between FASN, ER and HER2. We hypothesized that FASN may be the downstream effector underlying ER/HER2 crosstalk through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in ER/HER2-positive breast cancer. The present study implicated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the regulation of FASN expression in ER/HER2-positive breast cancer cells and demonstrated that rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, inhibited FASN expression. Cerulenin, a FASN inhibitor, synergized with rapamycin to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell migration and tumorigenesis in ER/HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Our findings suggest that inhibiting the mTOR-FASN axis is a promising new strategy for treating ER/HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Drug Synergism , Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism , Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism , Sirolimus/pharmacology , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Blotting, Western , Breast Neoplasms/enzymology , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cerulenin/pharmacology , Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics , Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/genetics , Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I/metabolism , Female , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Humans , Mice , Mice, Nude , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the role of RhoA in regulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion level in breast cancer cells and in the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) under hypoxia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine the effect of V14RhoA plasmid transfection-induced RhoA activation and RhoA knockdown on VEGF secretion level in breast cancer MCF-7 cells under hypoxic condition. A MCF-7/HUVEC co-culture model was established to assess the effect of the changes in RhoA expressions in MCF-7 cells on HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation under hypoxia.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Under hypoxic condition, RhoA activation promoted VEGF secretion in MCF-7 cells, and RhoA knockdown inhibited VEGF secretion. In the co-culture model, RhoA activation in the MCF-7 cells enhanced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation, and RhoA knockdown inhibited these changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Under hypoxic condition, RhoA indirectly influences HUVECs to affect tumor angiogenesis by regulating VEGF level in breast cancer cells.</p>
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Female , Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Cell Hypoxia , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells , Cell Biology , Bodily Secretions , Transfection , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Bodily Secretions , rhoA GTP-Binding Protein , MetabolismABSTRACT
Brief electrical stimulation has been shown to be effective in promoting neuronal regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. These effects are thought to be mediated largely by the upregulation of the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in spinal cord neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms by which electrical stimulation can promote BDNF expression are not known. The mechanism involved in BDNF expression after electrical stimulation was explored in this study. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to test BDNF expression. Confocal microscopy was utilized to study intracellular Ca(2+) volume. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting confirmed that brief electrical stimulation increased BDNF expression in spinal cord neurons both in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of cultured neurons with nifedipine, an inhibitor of voltage-gated calcium channels, significantly reduced the BDNF increase produced by electrical stimulation, and an inhibitor of Erk completely abolished the effect of electrical stimulation. Levels of BDNF expression in the presence of the Erk inhibitor were lower that in unstimulated and untreated controls, indicating that Erk activation is required to maintain baseline levels of BDNF. Confocal microscopy using a Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorochrome revealed that electrical stimulation is accompanied by an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) levels; the increase was partly blocked by nifedipine. These findings argue that electrical stimulation increases BDNF expression in spinal cord neurons by activating a Ca(2+)- and Erk-dependent signaling pathways.
Subject(s)
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism , Calcium/metabolism , Electric Stimulation/methods , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , Signal Transduction/physiology , Spinal Cord/cytology , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Female , Neurons/cytology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Excision repair cross-complementing 1-118 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported as predictive markers of response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Currently, the most used methods for genotyping of SNPs are costly and time consuming. It is necessary to develop a method that is more accurate, cost-effective, and simple. An improved fluorescence polarization assay based on asymmetric polymerase chain reaction hybridization for screening excision repair cross-complementing 1-118 SNPs has been developed. Excision repair cross-complementing 1-118 SNPs of all 907 samples were analyzed in sequence and improved fluorescence polarization assay in parallel. The sensitivity, specificity, and stability of the improved fluorescence polarization assay were measured. This study showed the accuracy, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness of the fluorescence polarization assay in the detection of excision repair cross-complementing 1-118 SNPs in a panel of 907 samples. The fluorescence polarization assay was more accurate for the heterozygous sample than was the sequence assay. The minimum detection level established with the fluorescence polarization assay was 2.5 genome copies per reaction and no cross-reaction was observed.
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Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Endonucleases/genetics , Fluorescence Polarization/methods , Pathology, Molecular/methods , Polymorphism, Genetic , Humans , Nucleic Acid Hybridization/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: As a result of immature brain of children and their imperfect blood brain barrier, improper clinical treatment would affect growth and development of children. It is fully important to perform further investigation on immature brain injury induced neurodegeneration.OBJECTIVE: To observe the ultramicrostructure of neurons in homolateral parietal cortex and hippocampus in newborn 7-day SD rat with contusion of parietal cortex.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Laboratories of Nerve Morphology and Cytobiology, Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University; Electron Microscope Room of Institute for Physiology, Chinese Academy of Science.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Teaching and Research Section of Anatomy, Laboratories of Nerve Morphology and Cytobiology ofShanghai Second Medical University (Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University; Electron Microscope Room of Institute for Physiology of Chinese Academy of Science from October 2002 to June 2003. A total of 19newborn 7-day SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group, operation control group and normal control group with 15, 2 and 2 in each group respectively.METHODS: In experimental group, free-fall device for brain injury was used for establishing model of contusion of parietal cortex in newborn 7-day SD rat. Anesthesia and scalp incision were conducted, without using free-fall device in operation control group. But above procedures were not carried out in normal control group. The changes of ultramicrostructure were observed under transmission electron microscope after routine treatment of electron microscopic samples.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ultramicrostructure of neurons in homolateral parietal cortex and hippocampus.RESULTS: All the 19 rats entered results analysis. ① There were two sorts of morphological changes in neurons in experimental group. One was evident swelling of dendrites and bodies of neurons, accompanied with the changes of organelles. In the early stage, expansion of endoplasmic reticulum cisterna could be observed and mitochondria became compact and concentrated. Then, vacuolization of endoplasmic reticulum, progressive swelling and vacuolization of mitochondria, dissociation of polysomes from rough endoplasmic reticulum and scattering of them in cytoplasm could be seen. Changes of nucleolus presented after significant changes of cytoplasm. Nuclear chromatin clustered together under karyotheca and arranged as clockface, which were some masses with irregular contours gathering to the center. Axons were almost normal. The other was concentration of cytoplasm and nucleolus with vacuolizations of unequal size in cytoplasm. ②There was no abnormal change in neurons in homolateral parietal cortex and hippocampus both in operation control group and normal control group.CONCLUSION: Swelling of brain cell and concentration of cytoplasm and nucleolus after brain injury play important roles in brain injury-induced neurodegeneration of immature rats.
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Objective: To investigate the relationship between the expression of Raf-1 and tumor angiogenesis,and to discuss its clinical significance.Methods: Tissue microarray technique was used to detect the expression of Raf-1 in 87 specimens of human colon carcinoma,their corresponding adjacent tissues,and incision margins.The patients were from the Department of Pathology of Xijing Hospital between 2005 and 2006.Microvessel density(MVD) was detected using immunohistochemistry with CD34 labeling.The correlation between Raf-1 expression and MVD with the tumor size,metastasis,and differentiation was analyzed.Results: The positive rates of Raf-1 in colon carcinoma tissues,adjacent tissues and incision margins were 86.47%,37.34% and 11.03%,respectively;there were significant difference among the 3 values(P
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To evaluate three new chemotherapeutic regimens for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by pharmacoeconomic analysis in guiding rational use of drugs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and one cases of NSCLC in clinic stage III or IV were treated by one of the three chemotherapeutic schemes-PC: paclitaxel (135mg/m²,d1)+DDP; TC: docetetaxel (75mg/m²,d1)+DDP; VC: vinorelbine (25mg/m²,d1 and d8)+DDP, DDP were given at 80mg/m² in 3 groups. Pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis was used to compare the efficacy of the three regimens.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The response rate was 46.9%, 48.6% and 47.1% and median survival duration was 7.8, 7.5 and 7.6 months for PC, TC and VC regimen respectively, with 1-year survival rate of 37.5%, 37.1% and 38.2% respectively. There was remarkable difference in the response rate and median survival duration between PC and TC, but no statistical difference was observed between PC and VC. There was no statistical difference in 1-year survival rate among the three regimens. The average cost of one patient for one therapeutic cycle was RMB 15840.5, 15831.1 and 9401.8 Yuan respectively. Escalation of 1% of response rate costed RMB 337.75, 325.74 and 199.61 Yuan respectively. Prolongation of 1 month of median survival duration costed RMB 2030.83, 2110.97 and 1237.08 Yuan respectively. Escalation of 1% of one year survival rate costed RMB 422.41 , 426.71 and 246.12 Yuan respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Among these three new chemotherapeutic regimens for the advanced patients with NSCLC, the expenditure of VC is much cheaper than PC and TC. The cost effectiveness of VC is the lowest among the three regimens.</p>
