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1.
PLoS One ; 12(6): e0178328, 2017.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28575073

ABSTRACT

The H9N2 avian influenza virus circulates worldwide, predominantly in poultry. Its increasing infectivity and adaptation in poultry and mammals have enhanced the possibility of human infection. However, H9N2 human cases are difficult to detect due to their mild clinical symptoms. Serological study is valuable for risk assessment. A total of 15,700 serum samples were collected from occupationally exposed populations in 22 provinces of China and tested using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and microneutralization (MN) assays. The sera positive rate of A/Guangzhou/333/99 (G9) was significantly higher than that of A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (G1) (p<0.0001). The seroprevalences of H9N2 were significantly higher in live poultry market workers, large-scale poultry farmers and backyard farmers than in poultry slaughtering factory workers and wild bird habitant workers. The seroprevalences of A/Guangzhou/333/99 (G9) (3.42%) and A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97 (G1) (1.37%) in Southern China were significantly higher than those in Northern China (p<0.001). The seroprevalence was highest in the elderly, followed by adults and then youths. Our results indicate that subclinical human infection with H9N2 avian influenza virus is widely distributed in China. Longer poultry exposure might contribute to the higher seroprevalence in the elderly group. The higher seroprevalence observed in Southern China than in Northern China might be caused by a higher poultry density.


Subject(s)
Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype/isolation & purification , Influenza in Birds/virology , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Occupational Exposure/analysis , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Birds/virology , China/epidemiology , Farmers , Female , Ferrets , Humans , Influenza in Birds/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Poultry/virology , Retrospective Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Young Adult
2.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 141-144, 2016.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-296206

ABSTRACT

Preparation of maternal strain A/PR/8/34 HA antiserum for influenza virus classical reassortment. A/PR/8/34 virus was digested by bromelain after inactivation and purification. 5%-20% sucrose continuous density gradient centrifugation method was used to purify HA protein. SIRD method was used to select the target protein. SDS-PAGE method was used to identified HA protein. High Immunogenic A/PR/8/34 HA protein was successfully prepared and HI titer reached 10240. High purity HA antiserum was identified by SIRD method. The key reagent in the classical reassortment of influenza virus was prepared, and the complete set of technical methods were explored, which laid the foundation for the independent research and development of seasonal influenza vaccine strains of China.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Rabbits , Antibodies, Viral , Allergy and Immunology , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests , Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus , Allergy and Immunology , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Influenza, Human , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , Reassortant Viruses , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology
3.
Chinese Journal of Virology ; (6): 222-228, 2016.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-296193

ABSTRACT

Interferon-induced Transmembrane Proteins (IFITMs) were identified through small interference RNA (siRNA) screening method in 1980s. The antiviral properties of the IFITMs were firstly discovered in 1996. Recently, its antiviral effect and mechanism have become a research hotspot. Many studies have shown that IFITM can inhibit the replication of multiple pathogenic viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Ebola virus (EBOV), West Nile virus and so on. IFITMs inhibit the replication of virus in the early stage of the viral life cycle, which occurred before the release of viral genomes into the cytosol. Recent studies indicate that IFITM proteins could block viral replication by mediate viral membrane fusion. However, the mechanism is still under investigation. Here we review the discovery and characterization of the IFITM proteins, elucidate their antiviral activities and the potential mechanisms.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Interferons , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Membrane Proteins , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Virus Diseases , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Virology , Viruses , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology
4.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-270035

ABSTRACT

Google Flu Trends (GFT) was the first application of big data in the public health field. GFT was open online in 2009 and attracted worldwide attention immediately. However, GFT failed catching the 2009 pandemic H1N1 and kept overestimating the intensity of influenza-like illness in the 2012-2014 season in the United States. GFT model has been updated for three times since 2009, making its prediction bias controlled. Here, we summarized the mechanism GFT worked, the strategy GFT used to update, and its influence on public health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Disease Outbreaks , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza, Human , Internet , Population Surveillance , Public Health , Statistics as Topic , United States
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