ABSTRACT
Objective To study the relationship among the sense of organizational fairness, innovative self-efficacy (ISE) and innovative behavior in nurses. Methods A total of 392 nurses from a grade A tertiary hospital were selected as the research subjects using convenience sampling method. The Organizational Fairness Scale, Innovation Self-efficacy Scale, and Innovation Behavior Scale were used to evaluate the sense of organizational fairness, ISE, and innovation behavior, respectively. The mediate equation model was constructed, and Bootstrap analysis was applied for validation. Results The scores for organizational fairness, ISE, and innovative behavior among the nurses were (67.8±15.2), (23.9±3.5), and (30.5±6.7) points, respectively. Organizational fairness score was positively correlated with both innovative behavior and ISE scores ［correlation coefficients (r) were 0.38 and 0.36, respectively, both P<0.01］. ISE score was positively correlated with innovative behavior total score (r=0.51, P<0.01). The results of the mediation analysis indicated that the total effect of organizational fairness on innovation behavior was 0.34 (P<0.01),with a direct effect of 0.17 (P<0.01). ISE plays a mediating role between organizational fairness and innovation behavior among nurses(P<0.01) with standardized mediation effect of 0.17, accounting for 50.0% of the total effect. Conclusion Organizational fairness can influence the ability of innovative behavior directly or through the mediating role of ISE.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of vesiculation moxibustion on rat hepatic fibrosis (HF).Methods Thirty rats were randomly allocated to treatment, model and control groups, 10 rats each. A rat model of HF was made by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride. At three weeks after model making, the treatment group was treated by vesiculation moxibustion 6 hrs twice a week, for a total of 4 weeks. Body weight, liver wet weight, liver index, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) contents, and serum and liver typeⅢ procollagen (PCⅢ), typeⅣ collagen (Ⅳ-C), hyaluronic acid (HA) and laminin (LN) contents were measured in every group of rats.Results There were statistically significant differences in HF severity grade and HF tissue collagen analysis indices between the model group of rats and the treatment group or the control group (P<0.01,P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in body weight, liver wet weight and liver index between the model and control groups of rats (P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in liver wet weight and liver index between the treatment and model groups of rats (P<0.01). There were statistically significant differences in serum ALT and AST contents, and serum and liver PCⅢ,Ⅳ-C, HA and LN contents between the model and control groups of rats (P<0.01,P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in serum ALT and AST contents, and serum and liverⅣ-C, HA and LN contents between the treatment and model groups of rats (P<0.01,P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in serum PCⅢ content between the treatment and model groups of rats (P<0.01).Conclusion Vesiculation moxibustion has some preventive and therapeutic effects on rat hepatic fibrosis.
ABSTRACT
Many studies have confirmed that cavitation in xylem is caused by air bubbles. Recently Shen et al. (Tree Physiol. 22 (2002) R655), analysed the expansion of a pre-existent bubble in xylem and one formed by air seeding. The present paper makes a further analysis of bubble expansion by the equilibrium criterion of the Helmholtz function. It has been proved that when xylem pressure P'l decreases to a special value P'l* from a value higher than, or equal to, or lower than -Po (Po is atmospheric pressure), an air bubble in xylem can grow up steadily, corresponding to minimums of the Helmholtz function F(r). As soon as P'l is lower than P'l*, since F(r) will be a decreasing function when P'l < P'l*, resulting in non-equilibrium of the bubble, it will break inducing a cavitation event. The analysis is consistent with the results of mechanism. Given P'l > or = -3Po, if an air bubble could enter a conduit, it would be in a stable equilibrium. When P'l < -3Po an air bubble entering a conduit will be in an unstable equilibrium. As the water further vaporizes, it will break at once. This is the case to which the former published formula P'l = -2sigma/rp is applicable.
