Tea and Citrus maxima complex induces apoptosis of human liver cancer cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in vitro / 中草药·英文版

Objective: In this study, black tea and Citrus maxima (BT-CM), yellow tea and C. maxima (YT-CM), green tea and C. maxima (GT-CM) as subjects, the active ingredient content and antioxidant activity of three tea and C. maxima (T-CM) were analyzed. The effects of three T-CMs on apoptosis of liver cells in vitro and its mechanism were further explored. Methods: National standard method and HPLC were used for active ingredient analysis. MTT, cell flow cytometry and Western blot were used to analyze the effects of three T-CMs on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and its underlying molecular mechanism. Results: The content of tea polyphenols, free amino acids, ratio of polyphenols and amino acids, ester catechins, non-ester catechins and caffeine in YT-CM and GT-CM was significantly higher than that of BT-CM. The in vitro antioxidant capacity of YT-CM and GT-CM was also significantly stronger than that of BT-CM. Three T-CMs had the effects of inhibiting proliferation, arresting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in HepG2 and Bel7402 cells, especially YT-CM and GT-CM. Western blot analysis showed three T-CMs activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and regulated the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3/9. YT-CM and GT-CM had better ability to change the signal pathway than BT-CM. Conclusion: In short, T-CMs, which combined different degrees of fermentation tea with C. maxima, were rich in nutrients and biologically active substances. T-CMs, especially YT-CM and GT-CM, are healthy drinks that help to prevent and treat liver cancer.

Imaging findings of primary adrenal lymphoma and correlation with pathology / 中国医学影像技术

Objective: To explore CT, MRI manifestations of primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) and their correlation with pathology. Methods: CT and MRI findings of 13 patients of PAL confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively, among them 3 cases were confirmed by surgical operation and 10 cases by puncture biopsy, all 13 cases were diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased in 8 cases. CT was performed in 11 cases (18 lesions), MR in 6 cases (11 lesions), and both CT and MR in 4 cases. Results: There were 22 lesions in 13 cases, 9 cases with bilateral lesions and 4 cases with unilateral lesions. The maximum diameter of the lesions was 2.60-13.40 cm. Sixteen lesions were round and oval shaped, 2 in irregular shape and 4 in adrenal shape. Eighteen lesions showed soft tissue density on CT, 9 lesions showed low signal intensity on MR T1WI and slightly high signal intensity on T2WI. CT or MR enhanced scan showed mild to moderate progressive homogeneous or uneven enhancement, of which 4 lesions showed grid enhancement in the venous phase or delayed phase of MR enhancement. Conclusion: PAL has certain imaging characteristics. Combined with the level of LDH can improve diagnostic accuracy of PAL before surgical operation.

Postmortem distribution of carbofuran and its main metabolite benzofuranol in rats / 中国药科大学学报

@#An HPLC-MS/MS method using carbaryl as the internal standard substance was established for qualitative detection and quantitative determination of carbofuran and its main metabolite benzofuranol in bio-samples to study their postmortem distribution in rats. The rats were poisoned dead by intragastric administration of carbofuran suspension at the concentration of 1. 8 mg/mL, which was 4 times of the LD50(44 mg/kg). Then the rats were dissected at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after death to collect the their specimen(heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, muscle, stomach, blood)and the carbofuran concentration were determined using HPLC-MS/MS method. The results showed that at 0 h after death, the carbofuran was distributed in rats was as follows: stomach> lung or liver> kidney or spleen> muscle> heart or heart blood or brain and transferred from stomach, lung and heart blood to liver, kidney and muscle over time, while the benzofuranol was distributed as follows: stomach> heart blood> liver or kidney> spleen or muscle or lung or brain > heart, and the concentration of benzofuranol in heart blood, heart, liver, spleen, and kidney had significant increase(P< 0. 05)over time. The postmortem concentration change of carbofuran and benzofuranol could be attributed to the degradation of carbofuran and the trans-tissues diffusion of carbofuran and benzofuranol. The postmortem distribution manner of carbofuran and benzofuranol and their HPLC-MS/MS analysis method could be applied to the forensic identification and help taking samples for toxicology analysis.

Study on intralymphatic-targeted hyaluronic acid-modified nanoliposome: influence of formulation factors on the lymphatic targeting.

In this study, hyaluronic acid-modified docetaxel-loaded liposomes were prepared to evaluate the lymphatic targeting after subcutaneous administration, and formulation factors affecting the lymphatic targeting were examined, including free hyaluronic acid, molecular weight, hyaluronic acid-density and particle diameter. The high molecular weight hyaluronic acid-modified docetaxel-loaded liposomes (HA-LPs) and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid-modified docetaxel-loaded liposomes (LMWHA-LPs) were prepared via electrostatic attraction. The physicochemical properties and in vitro drug release were evaluated. The lymphatic drainage and the lymph node uptake were investigated by pharmacokinetics and distribution recovery of docetaxel in lymph nodes, injection site and plasma. The lymphatic targeting ability of optimized Cy7-loaded LMWHA-LPs (LMWHA-LPs/Cy7) was evaluated by near-infrared fluorescence imaging technique. The result showed that HA-LPs and LMWHA-LPs with suitable and stable physicochemical properties could be used for in vivo lymphatic targeting studies. Hyaluronic acid-modified liposome significantly increased the docetaxel recovery in lymph nodes, and displayed higher AUC(0-24h) and longer retention time compared to unmodified liposomes in vivo. In contrast, the presence of free hyaluronic acid hindered the lymphatic drainage and increased the plasma-drug concentration. Importantly, LMWHA-modification improved lymphatic drainage and lymph node uptake of liposomes compared with HA-modification. And Lymph node uptake of LMWHA-LPs depended mainly on LMWHA-density instead of particle size. The results of in vivo imaging showed that LMWHA-LPs/Cy7 significantly located in the lymphatic system. And both DTX-loaded and Cy7-loaded LMWHA-LPs had similar and stable lymphatic target level. Our investigation showed that LMWHA-LPs were a highly promising lymphatic targeting carrier for chemotherapy drugs and diagnostic fluorescence agents.

Approved effect of hydrochloric-acid arotinolol on trembling symptom of patients with essential tremor: 30 cases analysis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Essential tremor is a kind of dyskinesia disease with a tendency to heredity. β-adnephrin receptor blocker is mainly used for treatment, but the dosage was great, patients could not persist in treatment. Hydrochloric-acid arotinolol, which characterizes by little side effect, is a β-receptor blocking agent combined with blocking effect of α receptor, and is an ideal drug to treat essential tremor in Japan.OBJECTIVE: To observe the reliability and curative effect of hydrochloric-acid arotinolol on essential tremor among Chinese people.DESIGN: Case analysis.SETTING: Neurological Departments of Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Public Health and General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 30 patients with essential tremor, 19 males and 11 females, aged from 21 to 74 years, with course of 1-40 years, average of (15.8±12.6) years, were selected from Neurological Departments of Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Public Health and General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from April 1999 to December 2000.METHODS: Tremor degree of upper limb, caput and lower limb, degree of dysfunction of hand, tremor degree of hand during writing and circling, and chief complaint of pain caused by tremor were scored before medication and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after medication. Scores were determined as 1 point, 2 points and 3 points according to mild, moderate and severe degree respectively. Evaluated criteria: ① Obviously effective: Differences were more than 7 points before and after treatment. ② Effective: Differences were 6.5-3 points before and after treatment. ③ A little effective: Differences were 3-1.5 points before and after treatment. ④ No changes: Differences were from 1 to -1 points before and after treatment. ⑤ Worse: Differences were less than -1.5 points before and after treatment. Meanwhile, blood pressure and heart rate of patients and side effect of drug were observed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of effective evaluation; ②Blood pressure and heart rate before and after treatment; ③ Adverse events and side effect.RESULTS: Totally 30 patients entered the final analysis. ① Among 30 patients with essential tremor, 6 had obvious effect, 11 had effect, 5 had a little effect, 7 had no effect, and 1 was worse. ② Average of blood pressure before treatment was (138.5±14.6)/(84.2±6.4) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), and was (130±10)/(79.7±6.3) mm Hg after 1 course. Average heart rate was (77.5±6.4) times/minute before treatment and (75±6.4) times/minute after treatment. The difference was not significant. ③ Among 30 patients, 4 had side effect at various degrees which was accounted for 13.4%; 1 had distress after medication, 1 had agrypnia, 2 had fullness in head and dizziness, and 1 gave up the treatment because of deteriorated tremor.CONCLUSION: Hydrochloric-acid arotinolol can improve tremor symptom of patients obviously and is an effective drug to treat essential tremor with convenient and safe medication.