ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: To determine the incidence and significance of vascular malformations in a varicose vein surgery patient cohort in a prospective cohort study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a ten year time span we prospectively searched for patients with vascular malformations within a varicose vein surgery cohort. All patients underwent colour duplex sonography and surgery for symptomatic chronic venous disease or chronic venous insufficiency corresponding to clinical classes C2 to C6 according to CEAP. RESULTS: Five out of 1488 patients had truncular vascular malformations. One patient had an arterio-venous malformation in the groin. Venous malformations were found in three marginal veins and one bone perforating vein. Two of these five patients had a mitral valve prolapse syndrome, one a persistent foramen ovale, one had a bone cyst in a finger and one ectromelia of the hands and feet, respectively. No complications occurred following surgical treatment of these five malformations. CONCLUSIONS: Truncular arterio-venous and venous malformations in a varicose vein surgery patient cohort are rare. In our cohort the hemodynamic impact of the vascular malformations was low, the surgical treatment combined with varicose vein surgery resulted in technical and clinical success.
Subject(s)
Femoral Vein/abnormalities , Varicose Veins/surgery , Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnosis , Arteriovenous Malformations/diagnostic imaging , Arteriovenous Malformations/pathology , Cohort Studies , Female , Femoral Vein/diagnostic imaging , Femoral Vein/pathology , Groin/blood supply , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , RadiographyABSTRACT
TRP proteins form ion channels that are activated following receptor stimulation. Several members of the TRP family are likely to be expressed in lymphocytes. However, in many studies, messenger RNA (mRNA) but not protein expression was analyzed and cell lines but not primary human or murine lymphocytes were used. Among the expressed TRP mRNAs are TRPC1, TRPC3, TRPM2, TRPM4, TRPM7, TRPV1, and TRPV2. Regulation of Ca2+ entry is a key process for lymphocyte activation, and TRP channels may both increase Ca2+ influx (such as TRPC3) or decrease Ca2+ influx through membrane depolarization (such as TRPM4). In the future, linking endogenous Ca2+/cation channels in lymphocytes with TRP proteins should lead to a better molecular understanding of lymphocyte activation.
Subject(s)
Lymphocytes/physiology , Transient Receptor Potential Channels/physiology , Animals , Biotransformation/drug effects , Humans , Ion Channels/physiology , Lymphocyte Activation/physiology , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Transient Receptor Potential Channels/agonists , Transient Receptor Potential Channels/antagonists & inhibitors , Transient Receptor Potential Channels/biosynthesisABSTRACT
Of 20 children undergoing thoracotomy who had blood-gas analysis at various intervals during their operative procedure, 18 had congenital heart disease causing cyanosis. The venous admixture was apparent on compressing the lung to expose the mediastinal structures and was diminished upon clamping the pulmonary artery to the exposed lung. This observation may be of clinical value in raising the arterial oxygen pressure when sudden deterioration occurs during performance of a systemic pulmonary shunt in cyanotic children.
