ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the microbiota composition and diversity between autogenous and anautogenous Culex pipiens pallens, so as to provide insights into unraveling the pathogenesis of autogeny in Cx. pipiens pallens. Methods Autogenous and anautogenous adult Cx. pipiens pallens samples were collected at 25 ℃, and the hypervariable regions of the microbial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene was sequenced on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 sequencing platform. The microbiota abundance and diversity were evaluated using the alpha diversity index, and the difference in the microbiota structure was examined using the beta diversity index. The microbiota with significant differences in the abundance between autogenous and anautogenous adult Cx. pipiens pallens samples was identified using the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe). Results The microbiota in autogenous and anautogenous Cx. pipiens pallens samples belonged to 18 phyla, 28 classes, 70 orders, 113 families, and 170 genera, and the dominant phyla included Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and so on. At the genus level, Wolbachia was a common dominant genus, and the relative abundance was (77.6 ± 11.3)% in autogenous Cx. pipiens pallens samples and (47.5 ± 8.5)% in anautogenous mosquito samples, while Faecalibaculum (0.4% ± 0.1%), Dubosiella (0.5% ± 0.0%) and Massilia (0.5% ± 0.1%) were specific species in autogenous Cx. pipiens pallens samples. Alpha diversity analysis showed that higher Chao1 index and ACE index in autogenous Cx. pipiens pallens samples than in anautogenous samples (both P values > 0.05), and lower Shannon index (P > 0.05) and Simpson index (P < 0.05) in autogenous Cx. pipiens pallens samples than in anautogenous samples. LEfSe analysis showed a total of 48 significantly different taxa between autogenous and anautogenous Cx. pipiens pallens samples (all P values < 0.05). Conclusion There is a significant difference in the microbiota diversity between autogenous and anautogenous Cx. pipiens pallens.
ABSTRACT
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis(HLH)is a systemic hyperinflammation syndrome.XIAP deficiency is an innate immunodeficiency disorder, often combined with HLH, with increased susceptibility to EB virus, mostly in childhood.XIAP deficiency leads to innate immune deficiency, increased apoptosis, and excessive activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, which together lead to impaired clearance of pathogens and excessive release of cytokines, resulting in HLH.The course of HLH in patients with XIAP deficiency is generally mild and the mortality rate is low, but it frequently relapses.In addition to HLH, XIAP deficiency can be combined with some auto-inflammatory disease.Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curable method and reduced-intensity conditioning is recommended.Some new targeted therapies, such as IFN-γ monoclonal antibodies, IL-18 and IL-6 antagonists may be effective, but the specific efficacy needs more study.
ABSTRACT
Major natural disasters seriously threaten human life and health. After earthquakes and other catastrophes, survivors are often trapped in the confined spaces caused by the collapse of ground and buildings, with relative separation from the outside world, restricted access, complex environment, and oncoming or ongoing unsafety, leading to the rescue extremely difficult. In order to save lives and improve the outcome more efficiently in the confined spaces after natural disasters, it is very important to standardize and reasonably apply the trauma assessment and first aid workflow. This study focuses on trauma assessment and first aid. From the aspects of trauma assessment, vital signs stabilization, hemostasis and bandaging, post-trauma anti-infection, and the transportation of patients, a trauma first aid work process suitable for a small space of a major natural disaster is formed, It is helpful to realize the immediate and efficient treatment of trauma in the confined spaces after natural catastrophes, to reduce the rate of death and disability and improve the outcome of patients.
Subject(s)
Humans , Disasters , First Aid , Confined Spaces , EarthquakesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVESTo investigate if COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) transfusion in patients with severe respiratory failure will increase plasma levels of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody titers while improving survival and clinical outcomes. DESIGNObservational, retrospective, control study of anti-Receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM titers from serial plasma samples drawn before and after CCP administration. Clinical improvement in CCP recipients is assessed and compared to COVID-19 control patients. SETTINGPatients hospitalized with severe COVID19, United States, between April 17 and July 19, 2020 PARTICIPANTS34 patients hospitalized with severe or life threatening COVID-19 and who consented and received a CCP transfusion, 95 control patients with COVID-19 not transfused with CCP. 34 out the 95 control patients were matched for age, sex, and the level of respiratory support required. Patients less than 18 years old were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESSerial trends of anti-RBD of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM titers in CCP recipients are compared to those in control patients. The primary outcome is survival at 30 days, and the secondary outcomes are length of ventilatory and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, length of stay (LOS) in the hospital, and LOS in the ICU. RESULTSCCP transfusion occurred in 34 patients at a median of 12 days following COVID-19 symptom onset. Immediately prior to CCP transfusion, patients median anti-RBD SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM titers were 1:3200 (IQR, 1:50 to 1:9600) and 1:320 (IQR, 1:40 to 1:640) respectively. Following a Loess regression analysis, the kinetics and distribution of anti-RBD of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM in plasma from CCP recipients were comparable to those from a control group of 68 patients who did not receive CCP. CCP recipients presented with similar survival, similar duration on ventilatory and/or ECMO support, as well as ICU and hospital LOS, compared to a matched control group of 34 patients. CONCLUSIONIn the present study, hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure transfused with CCP presented with high titers of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies before transfusion and did not show improved survival at 30 days.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To report our experience in treatment of patients with orthopaedic trauma during COVID-19 epidemic.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the 67 patients with orthopedic trauma who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from February 1 to March 31, 2020. After screening for COVID-19 infection was performed under strict protection, the patients were diagnosed and assigned to outpatient emergency treatment or hospitalization according to their specific condition. Twenty-six patients were treated at the outpatient emergency department. They were 8 males and 18 females with an average age of 69.5 years. Of them, 6 with vertebral compression fracture were placed on bed brakes, 14 with limb fracture immobilized after close reduction, 2 with skin laceration treated with debridement and suture, and 4 with hip fracture immobilized in bed. In the 41 hospitalized patients, there were 14 males and 27 females with an average age of 68.5 years. In them, hemiarthroplasty was performed for 7 femoral neck fractures, kyphoplasty for 5 vertebral compression fractures, total elbow arthroplasty for one humeral intercondylar fracture, exploration and suture for one case of Achilles tendon rupture, and internal fixation surgery for the remaining 27 cases.Results:Most of the patients had osteoporotic fractures which accounted for 61.5% (16/26) of the outpatients and 68.3% (28/41) of the inpatients, respectively. The duration from injury to surgery averaged 2.3 days and the length of hospitalization 4.5 days for the 41 hospitalized patients, decreased compared with the corresponding data (3.1 days and 11.5 days) for the similar inpatients in the same period last year. In the 41 inpatients, fever was observed upon hospitalization in 4 cases and after operation in 26 cases, and related to their primary injury or surgical trauma in all. Acute pulmonary embolism happened during operation in one patient with femoral shaft fracture.Conclusions:The prevention and control of COVID-19 should be continued. The awareness and behavior of health care providers are expected to be enhanced by strict screening protocol, protection and supervision. The proportion of elderly patients with osteoporotic fracture increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Shortage of blood was the major problem affecting the treatment. Timely surgical treatment should be indicated for the patients with orthopedic trauma, especially those with lower extremity fracture.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To systematically evaluate the effects of AIDS related health education on Chinese university students,and to provide reference for effective prevention and control of AIDS in universities. @*Methods@#Chinese and English databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,China Biology Medicine disc and PubMed were searched to find literature on the effects of AIDS health education on Chinese university students,which was published from June 30th of 2010 to June 30th of 2019. Rate difference（RD）was adopted as the effect index for the meta-analysis.@*Results@#A total of 173 articles were found out,28 articles of which were included. There were 48 037 study samples,with 23 020 students in the intervention group and 25 017 students in the control group. The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group,the awareness rates of knowledge about condom（RD=0.21,95%CI：0.11-0.32）and mosquito transmission（RD=0.34,95%CI：0.25-0.43）,the rates of positive attitude to having class with HIV/AIDS（RD=0.21,95%CI：0.12-0.31）and being AIDS prevention volunteers（RD=0.14,95%CI：0.06-0.23）,and the rate of avoiding unprotected sexual behaviors（RD=0.30,95%CI：0.22-0.38）in the intervention group were significantly improved. The results of subgroup analysis showed that the awareness rate of knowledge about mosquito transmission in the comprehensive intervention based on peer education group was significantly improved（RD=0.43,95%CI：0.32-0.53）;the rate of positive attitude to having class with HIV/AIDS in medical students was significantly improved（RD=0.40,95%CI：0.35-0.46）. No publication bias was found by Begger's test and Egger's test.@*Conclusion@#Through AIDS health education,the awareness of AIDS-related knowledge among Chinese university students has been obviously improved,while the intervention of attitude and behaviors still needs to be strengthened with the promotion of comprehensive intervention based on peer education.
ABSTRACT
A series of triazole derivatives were designed and synthesized based on a natural product cembrane separated from Croton laevigatus Vahl which showed potential antitumor activity against HeLa cells.Twelve novel compounds were synthesized and their structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS.Their cytotoxicities in vitro were evaluated for HeLa,K562 and K562/A02 cells by MTT assay.The results showed that some cembrane derivatives possessed antitumor activities.Substituted triazole connected to cembrane derivatives exhibited potent activity toward drug-resistant K562/A02 cells.
ABSTRACT
Enteral nutrition preparation is one of most important tools to perform clinical nutrition support. Food for special medi-cal purposes ( FMSP) as a special category of enteral nutrition preparation was developed from foods gradually. At present, the man-agement of FMSP bases on the evidence at home and its development has been accelerated. A complete understanding and appropriate use of FMSP will become one essential clinical skill for doctors, pharmacists and dietitians in a multidisciplinary medical team. The re-view revealed the current situation of FMSP and addressed the authors' understanding on the differences between FMSP, medications and foods in order to provide reference for the clinical application of FMSP.
ABSTRACT
Enteral nutrition preparation is one of most important tools to perform clinical nutrition support. Food for special medi-cal purposes ( FMSP) as a special category of enteral nutrition preparation was developed from foods gradually. At present, the man-agement of FMSP bases on the evidence at home and its development has been accelerated. A complete understanding and appropriate use of FMSP will become one essential clinical skill for doctors, pharmacists and dietitians in a multidisciplinary medical team. The re-view revealed the current situation of FMSP and addressed the authors' understanding on the differences between FMSP, medications and foods in order to provide reference for the clinical application of FMSP.
ABSTRACT
The accurate location of acupoints is the prerequisite for the efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion. Bone-length measurement, bone-proportional measurement, and proportional unit of the body measurement are commonly used in clinic for acupoints location. Based on the systematic review of the ancient literatures, this article discussed the meaning, evolution and relations of bone-length measurement, bone-proportional measurement, and proportional unit of the body measurement. It’s concluded that the bone-length measurement should be a benchmark in ancient anthropometry and an important basis for acupoints location. Bone proportional measurement, used in different genders, ages and body sizes, was based on the relatively stable proportional relations of various body parts, though some of the standards were adjusted in accordance with the correlation between meridians and acupoints. Location of points by proportional unit of the body simplified the application of bone-length measurement and bone proportional measurement, based on the ratio between short and long bones or the ratio of same body parts in anthropometry. However, proportional unit of the body measurement should be applied for the specific body parts. Bone-length measurement, bone-proportional measurement, and proportional unit of the body measurement are correspondingly the benchmark measurement, relative measurement, and simplified measurement.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possibility that CdCl2 induces autophagy and apoptosis in HEK293 cells,and the role of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) and AKT proteins in autophagy. METHODS Green fluorescence protein(GFP)-light chain 3B(LC3B)expression plasmid was transfected into HEK293 cells. After 24 h,HEK293 cells were induced with CdCl2 2,4,8 and 10μmol·L-1 for 12 h. The expression of GFP-LC3B was detected by fluorescent microscopy. HEK293 cells were induced with CdCl2 2,4,8 and 10μmol · L-1 without transfection of GFP-LC3B for 12 h while autophagic vacuoles were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of LC3B-Ⅱ/Ⅰproteins and the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and AKT were analyzed by Western blotting. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry microscopy. HEK293 cells were treated with 3-MA 20μmol · L-1+CdCl2 10 μmol · L-1 for 12 h before cleaved caspase 3 protein was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS When HEK293 cells were exposed to CdCl2(≤10μmol · L-1)for 12 h,cytoplasmic GFP-LC3B punctuates were observed under the fluorescence microscope,and autophagic vacuoles were observed under an electron microscope. The expression of LC3B-Ⅱ/Ⅰ,p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT proteins was significantly increased in CdCl2-induced cells(P<0.05,P<0.01). Moreover,apoptosis was observed. The addition of 3-MA 20μmol · L-1+CdCl2 10μmol · L-1 enhanced apoptosis. Cleaved capase 3 protein expression was significantly increased(P<0.01). CONCLUSION CdCl2(≤10μmol·L-1)can induce autophagy in HEK293 cells. ERK1/2 and AKT proteins might be associated with the activation of autophagy that is accompanied by apoptosis,suggesting that autophagy can inhibit apoptosis at certain concentrations of CdCl2.
ABSTRACT
Objective To detect the doubling time of airway smooth muscle cells of human and rat by the xCELLigence in-strument,a real time cellular analyzer.Methods The airway smooth muscle cells were separated by collagenase-pancreatin digestion from the rat airway.Then,added to the different holes of E-plate of xCELLigence instrument with the planting destiny of 3 000 cells/well.and so were the human airway smooth muscle cells.The E-plate was then placed on the xCELLi-gence instrument to monitor cell proliferation for 100 hours to calculate the doubling time by using the RTCA Software Package 2.0 software.Results The doubling time of human airway smooth muscle cell calculated by the real time cellular analyzer was 23.96±0.47 h,which was consistent with the data provided by the reference.The doubling time of rat airway smooth muscle cell was 18.62±0.15 h,and the computational process was simple,time-saving and also effective.Conclusion The xCELLigence instrument can be used to calculate doubling time of airway smooth muscle cells of human and rat, which provides experimental methods and reference data for the basic respiratory disease research.
ABSTRACT
Point Dingchuan (Ex-B1) pertains to extraordinary points and often produces a good therapeutic effect on respiratory system diseases. Ancient Chinese medical books do not record point Dingchuan. Modern Chinese medical textbooks describe the location and efficacy of and indications for this point but do not state their provenances. In order to further popularize the clinical application of point Dingchuan, this article verifies the origin and development of the name and location of point Dingchuan so as to provide a certain reference for clinically correct selection and use of this point. The results show that point Dingchuan followed the course of development from ashi point to new point and then to extraordinary point. The development of point Dingchuan to the same acupoint name and location as now international use went mainly through four stages, that is, similar name and different location, similar name and location, same name and different location, and same name and location.
ABSTRACT
Background and purpose:Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was one of the best combined treatments for hepatocarcinoma. CT was commonly used to evaluate treatment response and recurrent disease. However it was diffi cult to evaluate treatment effectiveness of RFA and to detect recurrent nodule especially the size below 1cm. Digital subtraction arteriography(DSA) may provide fi nal diagnosis of recurrent nodule after RFA for hepatocarcinoma. Our purpose was to analyze the signs of DSA after RFA for hepatocarcinoma in order to provide possible reference for treatment effectiveness and the imaging follow-up methods. Methods:17 patients with primary liver cancer (n=15) or hepatic metastasis(n=2) were enrolled in this study. Common hepatic arteriography or super-selective angiography of suspicious tumor area were performed on all patients. Results:On DSA, most ablated regions presented as round or ovoid low density areas with no stain. At the peripheral zone of the lesion, fi ve signs after RFA could be found: Stain of localized granulation tissue, arterio-portal fi stula, hemorrhage, recurrence and no abnormal fi ndings. Local or intrahepatic recurrence occurred in 9 cases. Conclusion:Hepatic DSA has great value in detecting local recurrence of hepatic tumor after RFA treatment. DSA is superior to CT in detecting marginal or intrahepatic recurrent nodule below 1 cm.
