Relato de experiência multiprofissional com grupo de gestantes de alto-risco / Report on a multiprofessional experience with a group of high-risk pregnant women / Relato de experiencia multiprofesional con un grupo de gestantes de alto riesgo

Introdução: A gestação é um período onde as atitudes e escolhas da mãe irão refletir no crescimento e desenvolvimento do bebê, por isso as ações educativas e promocionais da saúde são fundamentais. Essas ações, desenvolvidas por uma equipe multiprofissional, são ainda mais eficientes, por ter uma diversidade maior de informações para a gestante. Objetivo: Descrever a experiência multiprofissional de ações de promoção da saúde com gestantes de alto risco e seus acompanhantes. Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de experiência que contempla encontros realizados semanalmente em um Hospital Universitário, no setor de alojamento conjunto, que comporta quatro leitos para gestantes de alto risco. Os momentos dialógicos ocorreram em rodas de conversa, com as gestantes e acompanhantes, discentes e docentes de fonoaudiologia e enfermeiros da equipe local. Foram desenvolvidos materiais informativos para os participantes e um pôster que permaneceu disponível ao público no setor. Resultados: Notou-se que os participantes se apresentaram receptivos e interessados nos assuntos da roda de conversa propostos, que foram gradativamente trabalhados, cada um contribuindo com suas vivências, bem como com suas dúvidas e questionamentos. Conclusão: O trabalho multiprofissional gerou reflexões sobre a amamentação e o sistema estomatognático, expandindo o diálogo sobre outros temas de abordagem fonoaudiológica. Ações promotoras da saúde podem empoderar os participantes para intervir como agentes na compreensão das necessidades de saúde, como o cuidado com o binômio mãe-bebê.

Introduction: The mother's attitudes and choices during pregnancy reflect on the baby's growth and development, which makes it essential to have educational and health promotion actions. When developed by a multiprofessional team, such actions are even more efficient, as they have a greater diversity of information for pregnant women. Objective: To describe the multiprofessional experience of health promotion actions with high-risk pregnant women and their companions. Methods: This is an experience report of meetings held weekly in the rooming-in ward of a university hospital, in which four beds are available to high-risk pregnant women. Conversation groups were organized with pregnant women and their companions, speech-language-hearing students and professors, and the hospital's nurses. Informational material was developed for the participants, as well as a poster exposed to the public in the rooming-in ward. Results: Participants were receptive to and interested in the conversation group topics, which were gradually developed as each one shared their experiences and questions. Conclusion: The multiprofessional work led to reflections on breastfeeding and the stomatognathic system, expanding the dialog about other speech-language-hearing topics. Health-promotion actions empower participants to actively contribute to their understanding of health needs, such as mother/baby care.

Introducción: El embarazo es un período en el que las actitudes y elecciones de la madre se reflejarán en el crecimiento y desarrollo del bebé, por lo que las acciones educativas y promocionales de la salud son fundamentales. Estas acciones, desarrolladas por un equipo multiprofesional, son aún más eficientes, ya que cuentan con una mayor diversidad de información para la gestante. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia multiprofesional de acciones de promoción de la salud con gestantes de alto riesgo y sus acompañantes. Métodos: Se trata de un relato de experiencia que incluye reuniones que se realizan semanalmente en un Hospital Universitario, en el sector de alojamiento conjunto, que comprende cuatro camas para gestantes de alto riesgo. Los momentos dialógicos se desarrollaron en círculos de conversación, con gestantes y acompañantes, estudiantes y profesores de logopedia y enfermeras del equipo. Se desarrollaron materiales informativos para los participantes y una pancarta que quedó a disposición del público del sector. Resultados: Se notó que los participantes se mostraron receptivos e interesados en los temas del círculo de conversación propuesto, los cuales se fueron trabajando paulatinamente, cada uno aportando con sus vivencias, así como con sus dudas y preguntas. Conclusión: El trabajo multiprofesional generó reflexiones sobre la lactancia materna y el sistema estomatognático, ampliando el diálogo sobre otros temas. Las acciones de promoción de la salud pueden empoderar a los participantes para que intervengan como agentes en la comprensión de las necesidades de salud, como el cuidado del binomio madre-bebé.

Impact of Serum Cytokine Levels on EEG-Measured Arousal Regulation in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Healthy Controls.

BACKGROUND: In major depressive disorder (MDD), findings include hyperstable regulation of brain arousal measured by electroencephalography (EEG) vigilance analysis and alterations in serum levels of cytokines. It is also known that cytokines affect sleep-wake regulation. This study investigated the relationship between cytokines and EEG vigilance in participants with MDD and nondepressed controls, and the influence of cytokines on differences in vigilance between the two groups. METHODS: In 60 patients with MDD and 129 controls, 15-min resting-state EEG recordings were performed and vigilance was automatically assessed with the VIGALL 2.0 (Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig). Serum levels of the wakefulness-promoting cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-13 and somnogenic cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-x03B3; and IL-2 were measured prior to the EEG. RESULTS: Summed wakefulness-promoting cytokines, but not somnogenic cytokines, were significantly associated with the time course of EEG vigilance in the MDD group only. In both groups, IL-13 was significantly associated with the course of EEG vigilance. In MDD compared to controls, a hyperstable EEG vigilance regulation was found, significant for group and group × time course interaction. After controlling for wakefulness-promoting cytokines, differences in vigilance regulation between groups remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated a relationship between wakefulness-promoting cytokines and objectively measured EEG vigilance as an indicator for brain arousal. Altered brain arousal regulation in MDD gives support for future evaluation of vigilance measures as a biomarker in MDD. Since interactions between cytokines and EEG vigilance only moderately differed between the groups and cytokine levels could not explain the group differences in EEG vigilance regulation, cytokines and brain arousal regulation are likely to be associated with MDD in independent ways.

Inflammatory cytokines in general and central obesity and modulating effects of physical activity.

CONTEXT: Chronic systemic inflammation in obesity originates from local immune responses in visceral adipose tissue. However, assessment of a broad range of inflammation-mediating cytokines and their relationship to physical activity and adipometrics has scarcely been reported to date. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the profile of a broad range of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the impact of physical activity and energy expenditure in individuals with general obesity, central obesity, and non-obese subjects. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional study comprising 117 obese patients (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30) and 83 non-obese community-based volunteers. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured. Physical activity and energy expenditure (MET) were assessed with actigraphy. Adipometrics comprised BMI, weight, abdominal-, waist- and hip-circumference, waist to hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height-ratio (WHtR). RESULTS: General obesity was associated with significantly elevated levels of IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IFN-γ and TNF-α, central obesity with significantly elevated IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13 and IFN-γ-levels. In participants with general obesity, levels of IL-4, IL-10 and IL-13 were significantly elevated in participants with low physical activity, even when controlled for BMI which was negatively associated with physical acitivity. Cytokines significantly correlated with adipometrics, particularly in obese participants. CONCLUSIONS: Results confirm up-regulation of certain pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in obesity. In obese subjects, physical activity may lower levels and thus reduce pro-inflammatory effects of cytokines that may link obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes.

The influence of cytokines on wakefulness regulation: clinical relevance, mechanisms and methodological problems.

Sleep-wake-regulation has been shown to be substantially influenced by cytokines. The clinical relevance of this issue arises from (1) the frequency of accidents, injuries and impairment in social functioning due to sleepiness, (2) the occurrence of fatigue syndromes associated with inflammatory diseases, cancer or obesity, (3) the role of wakefulness regulation for the pathophysiology of affective and sleep disorders and (4) sedation as a side effect of psychopharmacological therapy. Experimental studies confirm the somnogenic influence of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). These cytokines modulate centers of wakefulness regulation located in the hypothalamus, the basal forebrain and the brain stem by influencing substances involved in sleep-wake-behavior such as adenosine, nitric oxide (NO), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), the neurotransmitters γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate and norepinephrine, as well as hormones such as growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Clinical studies of the influence of cytokines on wakefulness regulation are underrepresented in the research literature and objective measures of wakefulness such as the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) are seldom reported.