[Regional coordination of paediatric oncological care in northwestern Lower Saxony, Germany--network funded by health insurance companies]. / Verbund PädOnko Weser-Ems--Regionale ambulante Versorgung pädiatrisch-onkologischer Patienten aus der Weser-Ems-Region im Rahmen einer Integrierten Versorgung.

The cure rates in pediatric oncology have been substantially improved due to standardized treatment strategies and centralization of therapy. Close clinical and hematological monitoring is mandatory for patients between periods of chemotherapy for early detection and treatment of therapy-related complications such as infections. This results in frequent and time-consuming outpatient examinations for the patient and family at the oncological center in order to evaluate clinical condition and hematological findings. In widespread regions such as the Weser-Ems area in northwest Lower Saxony, Germany, the long distances between patients' home and the oncological center lead to higher risks and impairment of quality of life (QoL) for the patients and their families. Accordingly, in 2001 pediatric hospitals and practices, patient care services and patients' support groups in Weser-Ems founded a network (Verbund PädOnko Weser-Ems). The "Verbund PädOnko" aims at coordinated, high-quality regional outpatient patient treatment in order to reduce risks of long-distance transports to reach the oncological center. Since 2005 a newly established mobile care team realized 1 443 home visits covering a total of 150 300 km. Since 2007 the network has been funded by health insurance organisations. Internal and external benchmarking was performed showing that the rate of short term inpatient treatments were reduced. Treatment quality was assured and the QoL of the patients and their families was improved through the work of the network. The "Verbund PädOnko Weser-Ems" network represents a promising prototype model for the regional coordination of outpatient treatment and care of patients with rare diseases in wide spread areas.

First experiences with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in the treatment of patients with childhood craniopharyngioma and morbid obesity.

Craniopharyngiomas are embryogenic malformations which lead to eating disorders and morbid obesity due to hypothalamic involvement in about 50% of all patients with pediatric craniopharyngioma. The experience with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in obese craniopharyngioma patients is limited. We are reporting on four patients with childhood craniopharyngioma diagnosed at age 2, 11, 12, and 21 years. BMI-SDS at diagnosis was +0.9, +4.5, +4.7 and -0.1 SD. During follow-up, all patients developed morbid obesity (BMI-SDS: +13.9, +10.3, +11.4, +7.3) so that 11, 6, 9 and 3 years after diagnosis LAGB were performed. After a follow-up of 4.5, 1.5, 3.0 and 2.5 years BMI decreased or stabilized continuously in all patients (BMI-SDS at latest visit: +9.9, +9.7, +9.5, +5.9 SD). The eating behavior changed in all patients profoundly. The addiction to food and especially sweets significantly improved based on self-assessment. In two patients a dislocation of the LAGB occurred and resulted in weight gain. We conclude that LAGB could be effective in weight reduction of obese craniopharyngioma patients with hypothalamic syndrome. Close follow-up is necessary in order to analyze long-term effects and complications of LAGB in patients with childhood craniopharyngioma and morbid obesity.

Zygomycosis in the 1990s in a tertiary-care cancer center.

Twenty-four patients with cancer met predetermined criteria for a diagnosis of zygomycosis over a 10-year period at our institution. All had hematologic malignancy, and most had either neutropenia or steroid use as a risk factor. Pulmonary involvement mimicking invasive aspergillosis was the most common presentation, and dissemination was seen in 58% of patients on whom autopsies were performed. Three-fourths of the patients with pulmonary zygomycosis had pathogenic microorganisms other than zygomycetes isolated from respiratory specimens. The sensitivity of cultures in detecting zygomycetes from respiratory specimens was low. A culture positive for zygomycetes was typically a preterminal finding in the fatal, acute cases. Two-thirds of the patients died. Favorable outcome seemed to correlate with lack of pulmonary involvement, surgical debridement, neutrophil recovery, and a cumulative total amphotericin B dose of 2000 mg. Therapy with high-dose amphotericin B, combined with aggressive surgery and immune reconstitution, offers the best chance for survival of cancer patients with zygomycosis.

Randomized, double-blind comparison of granisetron versus granisetron plus prednisolone as antiemetic prophylaxis during multiple-day cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Ninety chemotherapy-naive cancer patients receiving cisplatin-based (> or = 50 mg/m2) chemotherapy participated in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study comparing the safety and efficacy of granisetron (GRA) versus granisetron plus prednisolone (GRA + PRE). All patients received i.v. granisetron 3 mg and were randomly allocated to oral prednisolone 50 mg or placebo prior to chemotherapy. At the subsequent cycle of chemotherapy, patients were crossed over to the other antiemetic treatment. A complete response, defined as no emetic episodes and no worse than mild nausea, was obtained in 63% in the GRA group and in 79% of the patients in the GRA + PRE group day 1 (P = 0.013). Complete response rates on days 1-3 were 16% vs 27% (P = 0.251). Significantly less nausea and vomiting was seen with the combination in the first 24 h after cisplatin (P = 0.001 and P = 0.0003) and during days 1-3 (P = 0.005 and 0.044). Patient preference was 51.5% for the combination and 26.5% for granisetron alone, whereas 22% had no preference (P = 0.0270). Adverse reactions were mild and comparable; headache and constipation were the ones most frequently reported. Prednisolone significantly improves the antiemetic effect of granisetron in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy, but the study also emphasizes the poor complete protection rate in patients receiving multiple-day cisplatin-based chemotherapy.