Omega-3 prevents behavior response and brain oxidative damage in the ketamine model of schizophrenia.

Supplementation with omega-3 has been identified as an adjunctive alternative for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, in order to minimize symptoms. Considering the lack of understanding concerning the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, the present study hypothesized that omega 3 prevents the onset of symptoms similar to schizophrenia in young Wistar rats submitted to ketamine treatment. Moreover, the role of oxidative stress in this model was assessed. Omega-3 (0.8g/kg) or vehicle was given by orogastric gavage once daily. Both treatments were performed during 21days, starting at the 30th day of life in young rats. After 14days of treatment with omega-3 or vehicle, a concomitant treatment with saline or ketamine (25mg/kg ip daily) was started and maintained until the last day of the experiment. We evaluated the pre-pulse inhibition of the startle reflex, activity of antioxidant systems and damage to proteins and lipids. Our results demonstrate that supplementation of omega-3 prevented: decreased inhibition of startle reflex, damage to lipids in the hippocampus and striatum and damage to proteins in the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, these changes are associated with decreased GPx in brain tissues evaluated. Together, our results suggest the prophylactic role of omega-3 against the outcome of symptoms associated with schizophrenia.

Effect of maternal deprivation on acetylcholinesterase activity and behavioral changes on the ketamine-induced animal model of schizophrenia.

Maternal deprivation has been associated with physiological and developmental changes that may be related to an increased risk for childhood and adult neuropsychiatric diseases. A growing number of studies demonstrated the importance of childhood experiences in the development of psychosis and schizophrenia in adulthood. Therefore, the present study investigated different behavior responses in rats following maternal deprivation and/or ketamine treatment in adulthood. Male rats were subjected to maternal deprivation for 180 min from postnatal day-01 to postnatal day-10. We evaluated locomotor activity, avoidance task and social interaction of adult male rats deprived or not deprived that were administered with saline or acute subanesthetic doses of ketamine (5, 15 and 25 mg/kg, i.p.). Our results show that only ketamine (25 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment in the adult rats lead to hyperlocomotion but not ketamine (5 and 15 mg/kg) and maternal deprivation alone. However, maternally deprived rats treated with ketamine (5 mg/kg) induced hyperlocomotion. Additionally, ketamine (25 mg/kg) and maternal deprivation alone induced cognitive deficit in the avoidance task. Rats deprived of and treated with ketamine (5, 15 and 25 mg/kg) also lead to memory deficit. Moreover, ketamine (25 mg/kg) and maternal deprivation alone increased latency to start social behavior. However, ketamine (5 mg/kg) and maternal deprivation lead to an increase of latency to start social behavior. Biochemistry data showed that all doses of ketamine and ketamine plus maternal deprivation increased the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum. The major doses of ketamine associated with maternal deprivation induced a major increase of AChE activity. Together, our results suggest that animals subjected to maternal deprivation had an increased risk for schizophrenia-like behavior and cholinergic alteration.

[Association of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) and complications in head and neck surgery]. / Associação de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e complicações em cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço.

UNLABELLED: COPD presents in a variety of forms patients with head and neck cancer; it may affect therapeutic decision-making or postoperative outcomes due to its complications. AIM: To correlate the severity of COPD in patients with head and neck SCC treated with surgery, who present postoperative complications. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of 31 patients undergoing en bloc resections, from 2008 to 2009. All cases were evaluated and classified using the GOLD scale. The COPD grade, intubation period, ICU stay and hospital stay were studied. RESULTS: The mean age was 64.8 years; COPD was mild in 24 cases, moderate in 6 and severe in 1 case. ICU stay was 2.7 days and the intubation period was 1,12 days. The mean hospital stay was 24.4 days. There was no relation between COPD grade and brochopneumonia, intubation period, ICU stay and hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Patients with head and neck SCC have a tendency to acquire COPD; its severity was not related with postoperative pulmonary complications, prolonged intubation period, ICU stay and hospital stay.

Associação de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e complicações em cirurgia de cabeça e pescoço / Association of chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD) and complications in head and neck surgery

A DPOC está presente em graus variados em pacientes portadores de câncer de cabeça e pescoço e pode influenciar na decisão terapêutica ou alterar a evolução no PO por eventuais complicações relacionadas. OBJETIVO: Correlacionar o grau de DPOC em pacientes com de CEC de cabeça e pescoço tratados com cirurgia com complicações no PO. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo de pacientes submetidos a cirurgias em monobloco entre 2008 e 2009. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados e classificados pela escala de GOLD. Foram relacionados o grau de DPOC, tempo de intubação, permanência em UTI e tempo de internação. RESULTADOS: O n foi 31 casos com idade média de 64,8 anos. O grau de DPOC foi leve em 24 casos, moderado em 6 e grave em 1. A permanência em UTI no PO imediato foi 2,7 e o tempo de intubação foi 1,12 dias. A média de internação foi 24,4 dias. Não houve correlação entre grau de DPOC e incidência de broncopneumonia, tempo de IOT, permanência em UTI e permanência hospitalar. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com CEC de vias aerodigestivas superiores têm uma tendência a apresentar DPOC cuja gravidade não teve relação com complicações pulmonares no PO, tempo prolongado de intubação, permanência em UTI ou tempo de internação.

COPD presents in a variety of forms patients with head and neck cancer; it may affect therapeutic decision-making or postoperative outcomes due to its complications. AIM: To correlate the severity of COPD in patients with head and neck SCC treated with surgery, who present postoperative complications. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of 31 patients undergoing en bloc resections, from 2008 to 2009. All cases were evaluated and classified using the GOLD scale. The COPD grade, intubation period, ICU stay and hospital stay were studied. RESULTS: The mean age was 64.8 years; COPD was mild in 24 cases, moderate in 6 and severe in 1 case. ICU stay was 2.7 days and the intubation period was 1,12 days. The mean hospital stay was 24.4 days. There was no relation between COPD grade and brochopneumonia, intubation period, ICU stay and hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Patients with head and neck SCC have a tendency to acquire COPD; its severity was not related with postoperative pulmonary complications, prolonged intubation period, ICU stay and hospital stay.