GPNMB Biomarker Levels in GBA1 Carriers with Lewy Body Disorders.

BACKGROUND: The GPNMB single-nucleotide polymorphism rs199347 and GBA1 variants both associate with Lewy body disorder (LBD) risk. GPNMB encodes glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB), a biomarker for GBA1-associated Gaucher's disease. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether GPNMB levels (1) differ in LBD with and without GBA1 variants and (2) associate with rs199347 genotype. METHODS: We quantified GPNMB levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 124 individuals with LBD with one GBA1 variant (121 plasma, 14 CSF), 631 individuals with LBD without GBA1 variants (626 plasma, 41 CSF), 9 neurologically normal individuals with one GBA1 variant (plasma), and 2 individuals with two GBA1 variants (plasma). We tested for associations between GPNMB levels and rs199347 or GBA1 status. RESULTS: GPNMB levels associate with rs199347 genotype in plasma (P = 0.022) and CSF (P = 0.007), but not with GBA1 status. CONCLUSIONS: rs199347 is a protein quantitative trait locus for GPNMB. GPNMB levels are unaltered in individuals carrying one GBA1 variant. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Scaled and Efficient Derivation of Loss of Function Alleles in Risk Genes for Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Disorders in Human iPSC.

Translating genetic findings for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders (NPD) into actionable disease biology would benefit from large-scale and unbiased functional studies of NPD genes. Leveraging the cytosine base editing (CBE) system, here we developed a pipeline for clonal loss-of-function (LoF) allele mutagenesis in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by introducing premature stop-codons (iSTOP) that lead to mRNA nonsense-mediated-decay (NMD) or protein truncation. We tested the pipeline for 23 NPD genes on 3 hiPSC lines and achieved highly reproducible, efficient iSTOP editing in 22 NPD genes. Using RNAseq, we confirmed their pluripotency, absence of chromosomal abnormalities, and NMD. Interestingly, for three schizophrenia risk genes (SETD1A, TRIO, CUL1), despite the high efficiency of base editing, we only obtained heterozygous LoF alleles, suggesting their essential roles for cell growth. We replicated the reported neural phenotypes of SHANK3-haploinsufficiency and found CUL1-LoF reduced neurite branches and synaptic puncta density. This iSTOP pipeline enables a scaled and efficient LoF mutagenesis of NPD genes, yielding an invaluable shareable resource.

A retrospective comparison of the biceps femoris long head muscle structure in athletes with and without hamstring strain injury history.

INTRODUCTION: Hamstring strain injuries (HSI) and re-injuries are endemic in high-speed running sports. The biceps femoris long head (BFlh) is the most frequently injured muscle among the hamstrings. Structural parameters of the hamstring muscle are stated to be susceptible to strain injuries at this location. This retrospective study targeted comparing the BFlh's structural parameters between previously injured and uninjured athletes. METHODS: Nineteen male athletes with previous BFlh strain injury history and nineteen athletes without former lower extremity injury history were included in this study. Fascicle length, mid-muscle belly and distal musculotendinous (MTJ) passive stiffnesses of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) were examined via b-mode panoramic ultrasound scanning and ultrasound-based shear-wave elastography. Parameter comparisons of both legs within and between athletes with and without injury history were performed. RESULTS: Comparison of the BFlh fascicle length between the injured leg of the injured group and the legs of the controls revealed a trend to shorter fascicle lengths in the injured leg (p = 0.067, d = -0.62). However, the mid-muscle belly passive stiffness of the BFlh was significantly higher in the injured legs (p = 0.009, d = 0.7) compared with the controls. Additionally, the distal MTJ stiffness was much higher in the previously injured legs compared with controls (p < 0.001, d = 1.6). CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes support the importance of BFlh properties related to stiffness, and fascicle length for injury susceptibility in athletes. Future prospective studies should determine whether the higher stiffness in the injured athletes is a cause or consequence of the HSI. Physical therapy and rehabilitation programmes after HSI should focus on BFlh muscle properties i.e., elasticity and fascicle length for reducing re-injury and increasing sports performance.

The Association Between Sexual Initiation and Membership in Dyadic Profiles of Perceived Shared Power.

There is scarce empirical evidence examining whether sexual initiation and power are associated with each other. Utilizing latent profile analyses, we examined in a nationally representative sample of US newlywed heterosexual couples (N = 1,948 couples) whether wives' and husbands' sexual initiation patterns and satisfaction with these patterns were associated with membership in different profiles of wives' and husbands' perceptions of shared relational power while accounting for both partner's satisfaction with sexual frequency. We found four profiles of wives' and husbands' perceptions of power. The most common profile was when both wives and husbands perceived high levels of power compared to other profiles, but wives had significantly higher reports of perceived power than husbands (High Power, Wife Higher; 40.8%). Husbands' sexual initiation patterns were not associated with profile membership. Wives who reported equal sexual initiation patterns had a higher probability of being in the High Power, Wife Higher profile compared to the Wife Low Power, Husband Moderate Power profile. Both wives' and husbands' satisfaction with sexual initiation patterns were associated with profile membership. Wives and husbands that were satisfied with sexual initiation patterns had a higher probability of being in the High Power, Wife Higher profile compared to the profile where both wives and husbands had high perceptions of shared relational power compared to other profiles, but their scores were not significantly different from each other (High Power, Equal).

Emotion-Driven Eating and Overeating Among Fourth Graders: The Roles of Body Image, Academic Achievement, and Peer and School Factors.

BACKGROUND: Eating patterns such as breakfast consumption and fruit and vegetable intake have been associated with academic achievement and cognitive function. METHOD: The purpose of this study was to learn more about psychological (emotion-driven eating) and behavioral (over-eating) eating patterns and motives, and the roles of body image, academic achievement (reading and math), and social supports (peer acceptance and school attachment), among 378 fourth-grade students (55% boys) from 14 classrooms across 6 schools within a large Midwestern urban area. RESULTS: Results were analyzed through a 2-group (male and female) path analysis. Boys' overeating (R2 = 9%) was not significantly predicted. Their emotional eating (R2 = 22.2%) was negatively, significantly predicted by peer acceptance and interaction of peer acceptance and school attachment. Girls' overeating (R2 = 13.6%) was negatively, significantly predicted by positive body image. Girls' emotional eating (R2 = 24.1%) was negatively significantly predicted by positive body image, math scores, and peer acceptance. CONCLUSIONS: Boys' and girls' eating patterns are differentially affected by their school experiences.

Implementing a Stepwise Shivering Protocol During Targeted Temperature Management.

Background: Shivering is often encountered in patients undergoing targeted temperature management (TTM) after cardiac arrest. The most efficient, safe way to prevent shivering during TTM is not clearly defined. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of shivering management using a stepwise shivering protocol on time to target temperature (TT), medication utilization and nursing confidence. Methods: Single-center, retrospective chart review of all post-cardiac arrest patients who underwent TTM between 2016 and 2021. The primary outcome is a comparison of time to TT pre- and post-protocol implementation. Secondary objectives compared nursing confidence and medication utilization pre- and post-shivering protocol implementation. Results: Fifty-seven patients were included in the pre-protocol group and thirty-seven were in the post-protocol group. The median (IQR) time to TT was 195 (250) minutes and 165 (170), respectively (p = 0.190). The average doses of acetaminophen was 285 mg pre- vs 1994 mg post- (p <0.001, buspirone 47 mg pre- vs 127 mg post- (p < 0.001), magnesium 0.9 g pre-vs 2.8 g post- (p < 0.001), and fentanyl 1564 mcg pre- vs 2286 mcg post- (p=0.023). No difference was seen for midazolam and cisatracurium. Nurses reported feeling confident with his/her ability to manage shivering during TTM 38.5% of the time pre-protocol compared to 60% post-protocol (p = 0.306). Conclusion: Implementation of a stepwise approach to prevent and treat shivering improved time to TT in our institution, although this finding was not statistically significant. The stepwise protocol supported a reduced amount of high-risk medication use and increased nursing confidence in shivering management.

Pitfall or pratfall? Behavioral differences in infant learning from falling.

Researchers routinely infer learning and other unobservable psychological functions based on observable behavior. But what behavioral changes constitute evidence of learning? The standard approach is to infer learning based on a single behavior across individuals, including assumptions about the direction and magnitude of change (e.g., everyone should avoid falling repeatedly on a treacherous obstacle). Here we illustrate the benefits of an alternative "multiexpression, relativist, agnostic, individualized" approach. We assessed infant learning from falling based on multiple behaviors relative to each individual's baseline, agnostic about the direction and magnitude of behavioral change. We tested infants longitudinally (10.5-15 months of age) over the transition from crawling to walking. At each session, infants were repeatedly encouraged to crawl or walk over a fall-inducing foam pit interspersed with no-fall baseline trials on a rigid platform. Our approach revealed two learning profiles. Like adults in previous work, "pit-avoid" infants consistently avoided falling. In contrast, "pit-go" infants fell repeatedly across trials and sessions. However, individualized comparisons to baseline across multiple locomotor, exploratory, and social-emotional behaviors showed that pit-go infants also learned at every session. But they treated falling as an unimpactful "pratfall" rather than an aversive "pitfall." Pit-avoid infants displayed enhanced learning across sessions and partial transfer of learning from crawling to walking, whereas pit-go infants displayed neither. Thus, reliance on a predetermined, "one-size-fits-all" behavioral expression of a psychological function can obscure different behavioral profiles and lead to erroneous inferences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The Relationship of Resilience, Self-Compassion, and Social Support to Psychological Distress in Women Collegiate Athletes During COVID-19.

Given how COVID-19 had caused significant increases in collegiate athletes' psychological distress, we examined the extent to which such distress may have been ameliorated by the athletes' psychosocial resources (e.g., resilience). We used structural equation modeling to examine the direct and indirect relationships of resilience, self-compassion, and social support to women collegiate athletes' (N = 3,924; 81.2% White) psychological distress; athletes completed measures of these constructs from mid-April to mid-May 2020. Analyses revealed significant direct effects: More supported (ß = -0.12 to -0.19), self-compassionate (ß = -0.48 to -0.53), and resilient (ß = -0.21 to -0.35) athletes experienced less psychological distress (R2 = .61-.65). Further, self-compassion and social support were related indirectly (and inversely) to psychological distress through higher levels of resilience. These psychosocial resources appear to have played a positive role in how athletes coped with the pandemic, being associated with less psychological distress. These findings have application beyond the pandemic, providing direction for how sport psychology professionals may assist athletes in maintaining their well-being.

Learning to Move in a Changing Body in a Changing World.

Infants of all species learn to move in the midst of tremendous variability and rapid developmental change. Traditionally, researchers consider variability to be a problem for development and skill acquisition. Here, we argue for a reconsideration of variability in early life, taking a developmental, ecological, systems approach. Using the development of walking in human infants as an example, we argue that the rich, variable experiences of infancy form the foundation for flexible, adaptive behavior in adulthood. From their first steps, infants must cope with changes in their bodies, skills, and environments. Rapid growth spurts and a continually expanding environment of surfaces, elevations, and obstacles alter the biomechanical constraints on balance and locomotion from day to day and moment to moment. Moreover, infants spontaneously generate a variable practice regimen for learning to walk. Self-initiated locomotion during everyday activity consists of immense amounts of variable, time-distributed, error-filled practice. From infants' first steps and continuing unabated over the next year, infants walk in short bursts of activity (not continual steps), follow curved (not straight) paths, and take steps in every direction (not only forward)-all the while, accompanied by frequent falls as infants push their limits (rather than a steady decrease in errors) and explore their environments. Thus, development ensures tremendous variability-some imposed by physical growth, caregivers, and a changing environment outside infants' control, and some self-generated by infants' spontaneous behavior. The end result of such massive variability is a perceptual-motor system adept at change. Thus, infants do not learn fixed facts about their bodies or environments or their level of walking skill. Instead, they learn how to learn-how to gauge possibilities for action, modify ongoing movements, and generate new movements on the fly from step to step. Simply put, variability in early development is a feature, not a bug. It provides a natural training regimen for successfully navigating complex, ever-changing environments throughout the lifespan. Moreover, observations of infants' natural behavior in natural, cluttered environments-rather than eliciting adult-like behaviors under artificial, controlled conditions-yield very different pictures of what infants of any species do and learn. Over-reliance on traditional tasks that artificially constrain variability therefore risks distorting researchers' understanding of the origins of adaptive behavior.

Sleep disturbances and depression are bidirectionally associated among college student athletes across COVID-19 pandemic exposure classes.

College athletes may be vulnerable to sleep disturbances and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic as a result of large shifts in social and athletic obligations. In a national sample of college athletes, we examined the associations between sleep disturbances and depression across two timepoints, using COVID-19 exposure as a moderator. Data were collected from 2098 NCAA Division I, II, and III college athletes during two timepoints, from April 10 to May 23, and from August 4 to September 15, 2020. First, a latent class analysis was conducted with five indicators of levels of COVID-19 exposure to determine different exposure profiles. Second, to examine the directionality of associations between sleep disturbance and depression, a cross-lagged panel model was added to the latent class membership structural equation model; this allowed for testing of moderation by COVID exposure class membership. Four highly homogeneous, well-separated classes of COVID-19 exposure were enumerated: Low Exposure (57%); Quarantine Only (21%); High Other, Low Self Exposure (14%); and High Exposure (8%). COVID-19 exposure class membership did not significantly moderate associations between sleep disturbances and depression. However, student athletes significantly differed in T2 depression by their COVID-19 exposure class membership. Depression and sleep disturbances were positively correlated at both timepoints (r T1 = 0.39; r T2 = 0.30). Additionally, cross-lagged associations were found such that T2 depression was associated with T1 sleep disturbances (ß = 0.14) and vice versa (ß = 0.11). These cross-lagged associations were not significantly affected by athletes' level of COVID-19 exposure during the beginning of the pandemic.

Histopathology of the cerebellar cortex in essential tremor and other neurodegenerative motor disorders: comparative analysis of 320 brains.

In recent years, numerous morphologic changes have been identified in the essential tremor (ET) cerebellar cortex, distinguishing ET from control brains. These findings have not been fully contextualized within a broader degenerative disease spectrum, thus limiting their interpretability. Building off our prior study and now doubling the sample size, we conducted comparative analyses in a postmortem series of 320 brains on the severity and patterning of cerebellar cortex degenerative changes in ET (n = 100), other neurodegenerative disorders of the cerebellum [spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs, n = 47, including 13 SCA3 and 34 SCA1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 14); Friedreich's ataxia (FA, n = 13); multiple system atrophy (MSA), n = 29], and other disorders that may involve the cerebellum [Parkinson's disease (PD), n = 62; dystonia, n = 19] versus controls (n = 50). We generated data on 37 quantitative morphologic metrics, grouped into 8 broad categories: Purkinje cell (PC) loss, heterotopic PCs, PC dendritic changes, PC axonal changes (torpedoes), PC axonal changes (other than torpedoes), PC axonal changes (torpedo-associated), basket cell axonal hypertrophy, and climbing fiber-PC synaptic changes. Principal component analysis of z scored raw data across all diagnoses (11,651 data items) revealed that diagnostic groups were not uniform with respect to pathology. Dystonia and PD each differed from controls in only 4/37 and 5/37 metrics, respectively, whereas ET differed in 21, FA in 10, SCA3 in 10, MSA in 21, and SCA1/2/6/7/8/14 in 27. Pathological changes were generally on the milder end of the degenerative spectrum in ET, FA and SCA3, and on the more severe end of that spectrum in SCA1/2/6/7/8/14. Comparative analyses across morphologic categories demonstrated differences in relative expression, defining distinctive patterns of changes in these groups. In summary, we present a robust and reproducible method that identifies somewhat distinctive signatures of degenerative changes in the cerebellar cortex that mark each of these disorders.

Predicting Breastfeeding Intentions: A Test and Extension of the Theory of Normative Social Behavior with African American Social Identity.

Breastfeeding is a health promoting social behavior but statistics suggest a persistent disparity of lower rates among African American mothers. The Theory of Normative Social Behavior (TNSB) explains when and how norms influence behaviors, but has produced inconsistent results with respect to proposed moderators group identity and injunctive norms (IN), limiting its predictive value in diverse cultural groups. Cultural norms are one of many influences on breastfeeding behaviors, yet little is known about their mechanisms of influence. The TNSB has not been tested in the breastfeeding context or within an exclusively African American cultural group. Given this knowledge gap, a survey of 528 African American mothers in the Washington, D.C. area was conducted to test the moderating effects of IN and subjective norms (SN) and social identity on the descriptive norms (DN) to intentions relationship as predicted by the TNSB. Structural equation modeling was used to show that when controlling for education and breastfeeding history, norms significantly predicted 26.4% of the variance in breastfeeding intentions. SN and DN interacted negatively to enhance breastfeeding intentions. Latent profile analysis using ethnic pride, collectivism, and religiosity scales detected four profiles of African American social identity. Social identity profile membership was a significant moderator on the DN to intentions pathway in the structural equation model. Profiles with the highest ethnic pride were significantly influenced by DN to intend to breastfeed. Implications from this study for public health intervention and communication messaging are discussed.

The Influence of Instructor Behaviors and the Perceived Motivational Climate on Undergraduate Students' Experiences in College STEM Laboratories.

Biology laboratory instructors play a key role in creating an optimal environment where college students try hard and enjoy their classroom experiences. This study used achievement goal perspective theory to examine the influence of instructor behaviors on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students' perceptions of the motivational climate (caring, task, ego) and their adaptive (i.e., effort, enjoyment, performance self-esteem, and social self-esteem) and maladaptive (i.e., shame) experiences in the biology laboratory setting. Students (N = 563; women, 65%; men, 35%) enrolled in biology laboratory courses voluntarily completed a survey during the final week of the semester. Results of two structural equation modeling analyses across gender and racial identities made two important contributions to the STEM higher education literature: 1) when instructors engaged in effective teaching behaviors, students were more likely to perceive a caring/task-involving climate and, in turn, report adaptive motivational responses (i.e., increased effort, enjoyment, self-esteem; decreased shame); and 2) neither gender nor race moderated the measurement of the latent parameters. This research has important pedagogical implications, as teaching assistants could be trained to engage in these effective behaviors to optimize students' STEM learning experiences.

Self-compassion, body satisfaction, and disordered eating symptoms in male collegiate athletes: A longitudinal analysis.

Male athletes are a subpopulation at risk for developing eating disorders and disordered eating concerns, primarily due to the presence of socioculturally-based factors, including body dissatisfaction. Self-compassion may alleviate this risk by improving body satisfaction. To date, no study has examined longitudinally self-compassion's effect on body satisfaction and, ultimately, disordered eating in male athletes. Across two time points separated by four months, we assessed self-compassion, body satisfaction, and disordered eating in 454 male collegiate athletes. Through cross-lagged, panel analysis, after controlling for the Time 1 scores, we determined that: (a) Time 1 self-compassion was neither directly related to Time 2 body satisfaction (ß = 0.02, p = .755), nor indirectly to Time 2 disordered eating (ß = -0.002, 95% BCaCI [-0.028, 0.014]), and (b) Time 1 body satisfaction directly predicted Time 2 disordered eating (ß = -0.12, p < 0.05). Our findings extend past research, demonstrating that body satisfaction is a primary antecedent to disordered eating among male athletes. However, the proposed effects of self-compassion on the body satisfaction to disordered eating relationship were not supported and may be dependent on gender and athlete status.

Drinking among college student athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To investigate demographics, sport type, athletic identity, and COVID-19 sport season cancelation in relation to alcohol consumption among college student athletes shortly after the pandemic emerged. Participants: College student athletes recruited from U.S. athletic departments. Methods: Survey data were collected from 5,915 college student athletes in April/May 2020. Results: Being female, Latinx, and in a relationship were associated with lower alcohol consumption. Among males, team sport participation was related to greater alcohol consumption. Among females, athletic identity was inversely related to drinking, which was moderated by sport type, such that alcohol consumption was lower as athletic identity strengthened in individual (vs. team) sport athletes. However, we did not find a relationship of COVID-19 sport season cancelation with drinking. Conclusions: Our gender-specific findings are novel and generalizable based on a large, national sample of college student athletes, and may inform strategies for alcohol consumption education among college team sport athletes.

A Model of Perfectionism, Moral Disengagement, Altruism, and Antisocial and Prosocial Behaviors in Wheelchair Athletes.

Two forms of perfectionism were examined in the present study to see whether they predicted prosocial and antisocial behaviors in sport through moral disengagement and altruism in a sample of 327 wheelchair basketball and rugby athletes (M = 33.57 years, SD = 10.51; 83% male). Using structural equation modeling, the following significant direct and indirect effects were found. First, perfectionistic strivings positively predicted perceived prosocial behaviors and altruism. Second, perfectionistic concerns negatively predicted altruism and prosocial behaviors and positively predicted moral disengagement. Third, antisocial behaviors were positively predicted by moral disengagement and altruism. Furthermore, perfectionistic concerns indirectly predicted antisocial behaviors positively through moral disengagement and negatively through altruism. Finally, perfectionistic strivings positively predicted antisocial behaviors through altruism. Results provided partial support for the role of perfectionism in predicting prosocial and antisocial behaviors through moral disengagement among athletes with a disability.

From description to generalization, or there and back again.

In his target article, Yarkoni prescribes descriptive research as a potential antidote for the generalizability crisis. In our commentary, we offer four guiding principles for conducting descriptive research that is generalizable and enduring: (1) prioritize context over control; (2) let naturalistic observations contextualize structured tasks; (3) operationalize the target phenomena rigorously and transparently; and (4) attend to individual data.

College Student-athletes' COVID-19 Worry and Psychological Distress Differed by Gender, Race, and Exposure to COVID-19-related Events.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) student-athletes' exposure to COVID-19-related events (e.g., canceled season, diagnosed with COVID) and their psychological distress in April/May 2020. METHODS: The link to the online survey was emailed to NCAA student-athletes by the NCAA Student Athlete Advisory Council and the athletic departments of 80 NCAA institutions. In April-May of 2020, student-athletes (N = 5915; women = 3924) completed the online survey once. The survey included measures of their psychological distress, COVID-19 worry, and their exposure to different COVID-19-related events. To examine differences in exposure to COVID-related events by racial, ethnicity, and gender identities, we conducted logistic regressions. A path analysis examined relationships between COVID-related events, COVID-19 worry, and psychological distress for men and women. RESULTS: Student-athletes' exposure to COVID-19 events differed significantly by gender, race, and ethnicity. In addition, 58.7% of women's and 54.5% of men's psychological distress variance was explained by the path model and mostly by their COVID-related worry. Student-athletes' stress was directly related to the changes that occurred in class delivery (i.e., online format) and indirectly by being quarantined. Men's psychological distress was also related through worry by their sport season being canceled. DISCUSSION: The general uncertainty and worry about COVID individuals experienced at the beginning of this pandemic primarily explained the athletes' high levels of psychological distress. As COVID-19 continues to cause quarantines and changes educational experiences, the worry and psychological distress of college students are likely to continue.

Development of a School Health Policy Implementation Survey: A Delphi Study.

Data on school health policy implementation are limited due to the absence of a validated measurement tool. The purpose of this study was to create and pilot a school health policy implementation survey. A modified, four-round Delphi process was used to achieve consensus on content and format of the survey. The final 76-item survey was piloted in 655 schools with a return rate of 57.1% (n = 378). Seven schools participated in environmental audits. Based on the audits, survey responses represented an accurate description of school practices for 84.2% (n = 64) of questions. The remaining 15.8% (n = 12) of survey items were eliminated or revised. This measurement tool begins to fill the research gap between the evaluation of written school health policy and implementation. Further, this tool may be used by school nurses in alignment with the Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice.

Nutrition Supports Deconstructed and Disrupted: An Evaluation of a Multilevel School-Based Intervention during the Time of COVID.

The Best Food Forward (BFF) project aims to provide multiple nutrition supports and interventions to improve family food security (FS) and health outcomes associated with FS within two metropolitan school districts. A quasi-experimental time-series design guided a multilevel evaluation for BFF through surveys, biometric screenings, focus groups, and observations among a random sample of caregiver-child dyads. FS, utilization of school meal programs, and nutrition behaviors were observed and analyzed at three time points: preintervention, postintervention pre-COVID-19, and postintervention post-COVID-19. Participants included 122 parents and 162 youth. Families reported (1) an income less than $35,000 annually (48.8%) and (2) a COVID-19-related job loss (36.9%). Parents used Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Programs or Women, Infants, Children benefits prior to (51.1%) and following COVID-19 (50.0%). No significant differences in FS were found. RM-ANOVA indicated an increase in breakfast consumption at home and a decrease in use of the school breakfast program (F(1.78, 74) = 19.64, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.21) and school lunch program (F(1.51, 74) = 23.30, p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.24). Rates of FS and eating behaviors did not change significantly over time. Correlations of program usage and eating behaviors demonstrate the importance of promoting participation in school meal programs. BFF may have prevented significant decreases in FS during COVID-19.