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1.
Andes Pediatr ; 95(2): 183-189, 2024 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38801366

ABSTRACT

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most serious complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Its treatment requires fluid and electrolyte replacement and insulin. Hypophosphatemia as a complication of treatment has been scarcely evaluated. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence of hypophosphatemia in children with DKA, treated with subcutaneous regular insulin (IRS), and to explore factors associated with this complication. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Prospective, observational study. Patients diagnosed with DKA hospitalized in the general care ward were included. Data on phosphatemia, glycemia, acid-base status, and IRS amount (U/kg) received were recorded at baseline and after 24 h of treatment. Hypophosphatemia was defined as values below 2.5 mg/dl. The correlation between initial phosphate and at 24 h of treatment was evaluated; the incidence of hypophosphatemia at 24 h was expressed as a percentage of the total number of patients. RESULTS: 30 patients were included, 15 were female, mean age 11.4 ± 3.2 years. At 24 h of treatment with IRS, 36.7% (95%CI 22-55%) presented hypophosphatemia, mean value 1.9 ± 1.5 mg/dl. Initial bicarbonate < 10 mmol/L acted as a predictor of hypophosphatemia (OR 7.5; 95%CI 1.4-39.8%; p = 0.01). No patient required intravenous phosphate correction, and no associated clinical complications were observed. CONCLUSION: In the group studied, the incidence of hypophosphatemia reached 36.7% at 24 hours of treatment. Initial bicarbonate lower than 10 mmol/L was significantly associated with hypophosphatemia. No complications associated with hypophosphatemia were observed.


Subject(s)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis , Hypoglycemic Agents , Hypophosphatemia , Insulin , Humans , Female , Hypophosphatemia/epidemiology , Hypophosphatemia/etiology , Male , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/epidemiology , Child , Prospective Studies , Insulin/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Injections, Subcutaneous , Prevalence , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , Incidence
2.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 121(4): e202202806, ago. 2023. tab, ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1442558

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La adecuada sedación y analgesia es fundamental en el tratamiento de pacientes que requieren asistencia ventilatoria mecánica (AVM). Se recomienda la utilización de protocolos y su monitoreo; son dispares los resultados reportados sobre adhesión e impacto. Objetivos. Evaluar el impacto de la implementación de un protocolo de sedoanalgesia sobre el uso de benzodiacepinas, opioides y evolución en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP), en pacientes que requieren AVM mayor a 72 horas. Métodos. Estudio tipo antes-después, no controlado, en la UCIP de un hospital pediátrico. Se desarrolló en 3 etapas: preintervención de diagnóstico situacional (de abril a septiembre de 2019), intervención y posintervención de implementación del protocolo de sedoanalgesia, educación sobre uso y monitorización de adherencia y su impacto (de octubre de 2019 a octubre de 2021). Resultados. Ingresaron al estudio 99 y 92 pacientes en las etapas pre- y posintervención, respectivamente. Presentaron mayor gravedad, menor edad y peso en el período preintervención. En la comparación de grupos, luego de ajustar por gravedad y edad, en la etapa posintervención se reportó una reducción en los días de uso de opioides en infusión continua (6 ± 5,2 vs. 7,6 ± 5,8; p = 0,018) y los días de uso de benzodiacepinas en infusión continua (3,3 ± 3,5 vs. 7,6 ± 6,8; p = 0,001). No se observaron diferencias significativas en los días de AVM y en los días totales de uso de benzodiacepinas. Conclusión. La implementación de un protocolo de sedoanalgesia permitió reducir el uso de fármacos en infusión continua.


Introduction. Adequate sedation and analgesia is essential in the management of patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). The implementation of protocols and their monitoring is recommended; mixed results on adherence and impact have been reported. Objectives. To assess the impact of the implementation of a sedation and analgesia protocol on the use of benzodiazepines, opioids, and evolution in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in patients requiring MV for more than 72 hours. Methods. Before-and-after, uncontrolled study in the PICU of a children's hospital. The study was developed in 3 stages: pre-intervention for situational diagnosis (from April to September 2019), intervention, and post-intervention for implementation of a sedation and analgesia protocol, education on use, and monitoring of adherence and impact (from October 2019 to October 2021). Results. A total of 99 and 92 patients were included in the study in the pre- and post-intervention stages, respectively. Patients had a more severe condition, were younger, and had a lower weight in the preintervention period. After adjusting for severity and age, the group comparison in the post-intervention stage showed a reduction in days of continuous infusion of opioids (6 ± 5.2 versus 7.6­5.8, p = 0.018) and days of continuous infusion of benzodiazepines (3.3 ± 3.5 versus 7.6 ± 6.8, p = 0.001). No significant  differences were observed in days of MV and total days of benzodiazepine use. Conclusion. The implementation of a sedation and analgesia protocol resulted in a reduction in the use of continuous infusion of drugs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Analgesia , Analgesics, Opioid , Pain , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Hypnotics and Sedatives
3.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 121(4): e202202806, 2023 08 01.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36692380

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Adequate sedation and analgesia is essential in the management of patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). The implementation of protocols and their monitoring is recommended; mixed results on adherence and impact have been reported. Objectives. To assess the impact of the implementation of a sedation and analgesia protocol on the use of benzodiazepines, opioids, and evolution in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in patients requiring MV for more than 72 hours. Methods. Before-and-after, uncontrolled study in the PICU of a children's hospital. The study was developed in 3 stages: pre-intervention for situational diagnosis (from April to September 2019), intervention,and post-intervention for implementation of a sedation and analgesia protocol, education on use, and monitoring of adherence and impact (from October 2019 to October 2021). Results. A total of 99 and 92 patients were included in the study in the pre- and post-intervention stages, respectively. Patients had a more severe condition, were younger, and had a lower weight in the preintervention period. After adjusting for severity and age, the group comparison in the post-intervention stage showed a reduction in days of continuous infusion of opioids (6 ± 5.2 versus 7.6­5.8, p = 0.018) and days of continuous infusion of benzodiazepines (3.3 ± 3.5 versus 7.6 ± 6.8, p = 0.001). No significantdifferences were observed in days of MV and total days of benzodiazepine use. Conclusion. The implementation of a sedation and analgesia protocol resulted in a reduction in the use of continuous infusion of drugs.


Introducción. La adecuada sedación y analgesia es fundamental en el tratamiento de pacientes que requieren asistencia ventilatoria mecánica (AVM). Se recomienda la utilización de protocolos y su monitoreo; son dispares los resultados reportados sobre adhesión e impacto. Objetivos. Evaluar el impacto de la implementación de un protocolo de sedoanalgesia sobre el uso de benzodiacepinas, opioides y evolución en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP), en pacientes que requieren AVM mayor a 72 horas. Métodos. Estudio tipo antes-después, no controlado, en la UCIP de un hospital pediátrico. Se desarrolló en 3 etapas: preintervención de diagnóstico situacional (de abril a septiembre de 2019), intervención y posintervención de implementación del protocolo de sedoanalgesia, educación sobre uso y monitorización de adherencia y su impacto (de octubre de 2019 a octubre de 2021). Resultados. Ingresaron al estudio 99 y 92 pacientes en las etapas pre- y posintervención, respectivamente. Presentaron mayor gravedad, menor edad y peso en el período preintervención. En la comparación de grupos, luego de ajustar por gravedad y edad, en la etapa posintervención se reportó una reducción en los días de uso de opioides en infusión continua (6 ± 5,2 vs. 7,6 ± 5,8; p = 0,018) y los días de uso de benzodiacepinas en infusión continua (3,3 ± 3,5 vs. 7,6 ± 6,8; p = 0,001). No se observaron diferencias significativas en los días de AVM y en los días totales de uso de benzodiacepinas. Conclusión. La implementación de un protocolo de sedoanalgesia permitió reducir el uso de fármacos en infusión continua.


Subject(s)
Analgesia , Analgesics, Opioid , Child , Humans , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Pain , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Intensive Care Units
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 119(1): e26-e35, feb. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1147192

ABSTRACT

El síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico en niños asociado con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 se define por la presencia de fiebre persistente, inflamación y disfunción orgánica, con evidencia de infección pasada o reciente por coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave, y exclusión de otra causa microbiana. Acarrea la superposición con otras enfermedades inflamatorias (enfermedad de Kawasaki y síndrome de shock tóxico) y comparte características con entidades que presentan hipercitocinemia (linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica y síndrome de activación macrofágica). Se diferencia de estas y de la forma aguda grave de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 en su presentación clínica y parámetros de laboratorio. Su evolución es potencialmente grave y puede presentar falla cardiovascular; la mortalidad es baja (del 2 %).Se realiza una actualización de este síndrome, y se describe la presentación de 2 casos clínicos con disfunción cardiovascular, que requirieron sostén vasoactivo y asistencia ventilatoria invasiva. El laboratorio sérico evidenció parámetros de inflamación. Ambos recibieron tratamiento con gammaglobulina endovenosa y corticoides sistémicos, con evolución favorable


Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19 is defined as the presence of persistent fever, inflammation, and organ dysfunction, with evidence of past or recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and excluding other microbial causes. It overlaps with other inflammatory diseases (Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome) and shares some features with hypercytokinemia conditions (hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome). It differs from these and severe acute COVID-19 in its clinical presentation and laboratory parameters. It has a potentially severe course and may occur with cardiovascular failure; mortality is low (2 %).Here we provide an update on this syndrome and describe the presentation of two clinical cases with cardiovascular dysfunction who required vasoactive support and invasive ventilation. Serum lab tests showed inflammation parameters. Both patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and systemic corticosteroids and had a favorable course


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis , Pediatrics , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/therapy
5.
Arch Argent Pediatr ; 119(1): e26-e35, 2021 02.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33458987

ABSTRACT

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19 is defined as the presence of persistent fever, inflammation, and organ dysfunction, with evidence of past or recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and excluding other microbial causes. It overlaps with other inflammatory diseases (Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome) and shares some features with hypercytokinemia conditions (hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and macrophage activation syndrome). It differs from these and severe acute COVID-19 in its clinical presentation and laboratory parameters. It has a potentially severe course and may occur with cardiovascular failure; mortality is low (2 %). Here we provide an update on this syndrome and describe the presentation of two clinical cases with cardiovascular dysfunction who required vasoactive support and invasive ventilation. Serum lab tests showed inflammation parameters. Both patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and systemic corticosteroids and had a favorable course.


El síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico en niños asociado con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 se define por la presencia de fiebre persistente, inflamación y disfunción orgánica, con evidencia de infección pasada o reciente por coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave, y exclusión de otra causa microbiana. Acarrea la superposición con otras enfermedades inflamatorias (enfermedad de Kawasaki y síndrome de shock tóxico) y comparte características con entidades que presentan hipercitocinemia (linfohistiocitosis hemofagocítica y síndrome de activación macrofágica). Se diferencia de estas y de la forma aguda grave de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 en su presentación clínica y parámetros de laboratorio. Su evolución es potencialmente grave y puede presentar falla cardiovascular; la mortalidad es baja (del 2 %). Se realiza una actualización de este síndrome, y se describe la presentación de 2 casos clínicos con disfunción cardiovascular, que requirieron sostén vasoactivo y asistencia ventilatoria invasiva. El laboratorio sérico evidenció parámetros de inflamación. Ambos recibieron tratamiento con gammaglobulina endovenosa y corticoides sistémicos, con evolución favorable.


Subject(s)
COVID-19/diagnosis , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis , COVID-19/therapy , COVID-19 Testing , Child, Preschool , Critical Illness , Humans , Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/therapy
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