Higher content of C18:1 trans fatty acids in early human milk fat of Roma breast-feeding women.

AIM: The purpose of our study was to determine the content of trans fatty acids in early human breast milk as an indicator of dietary exposure in a sample of Roma breast-feeding women and in a sample of women from the general Czech population. METHODS: We collected samples of early human milk from 43 Prague women from the general population and 21 Roma women. After lipid extraction, the fatty acids were converted into methyl esters (FAMEs). Finally, gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis on a CP-Sil 88 column was used to determine C18:1 trans monoenic fatty acid levels and total trans isomers fatty acid levels in human milk. RESULTS: A significantly higher content of C18:1 trans fatty acid isomers was detected in human milk fat from Roma mothers than in women of the general population (2.73 vs. 2.09%, p < 0.05). Both groups monitored did not differ in the representation of total fatty acid trans isomers. Differences in the frequency of consumption of certain TFA sources (butter, fried crisps) were established. CONCLUSIONS: The study proved a higher fatty acid trans isomers content in Roma breast-feeding mothers in the Czech Republic, and this is probably related to their bad eating habits.

Iodine saturation of Roma neonates in prague is not at an optimum level.

AIM: The purpose of our study was to determine urinary iodine as an indicator of iodine supplementation in Roma (Gypsy) neonates compared to majority population neonates. METHODS: The groups studied were formed by 30 full-term Roma neonates and 151 majority population neonates. Iodine was determined from samples of urine collected on the 4th day after delivery, after alkaline ashing, using the Sandell-Kolthoff method. RESULTS: The median of urinary iodine in Roma neonates was 92.15 microg/l urine and in neonates from majority population mothers it was 109.20 microg/l urine. The mean of urinary iodine in Roma neonates was 114.55 microg/l urine (SD 71.68 microg/l) and in neonates from majority population mothers it was 141.86 microg/l urine (SD 87.42 microg/l). The difference was not statistically significant. Majority population mothers more frequently consumed nutrition supplements containing iodine as well as fish. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to older data, supplementation of neonates with iodine is higher. However, it does not reach optimum levels. The urinary iodine median in Roma neonates lies in the mild iodine deficiency band.

[Follow-up study of iodine status in neonates and their mothers in 2 regions of the Czech Republic after a 3-year intervention]. / Kontrolní studie jódového zásobení novorozencu a jejich matek ze dvou oblastí CR po trech letech nápravných opatrení.

BACKGROUND: The worldwide elimination of iodine deficiency is at present one of the priorities of WHO. The highest risk group with regard to sequelae of inadequate iodine supplies are even in case of a milder iodine deficiency, human foetuses during the foetal and early infantile period (endemic cognitive disorder). An epidemiological survey in three areas of the Czech Republic (Prague, Príbram, Ustí n. Labem) in 1993-95 in 5-day old infants and their mothers provided evidence of a medium grade iodine deficiency in Prague and the Príbram area. The objective of the epidemiological check-up survey of ioduria of neonates in 1997 (Prague, Príbram) is the evaluation of the success of preventive provisions which were implemented for a period and educational activities, recommendations to take 100 micrograms iodine to all pregnant and lactating mothers, fortification of infant foods with iodine, increasing and improving the standard of iodine in table salt (27 +/- 7 mg 1/kg salt as potassium iodate). METHODS AND RESULTS: In 1997 the ioduria of two groups of full-term neonates and their mothers was assessed on the fifth day after delivery. Fifty neonates and their mothers were from Prague, 50 from Príbram. Ioduria was assessed in morning urine samples by the method of Ing. Bílek (National list of laboratory items MZ, SLP type N-SPA-BANO, code Joduria (photometry), key BIAAA, published in 1997). The results were statistically computed using Bartlett's chi-aquare and Kruskalov-Vallis' H test and Student's t-test. The median of ioduria in Prague neonates was 7.93 micrograms 1/100 ml and in Príbram neonates 7.83 micrograms 1/100 ml urine. The median values of maternal ioduria were 5.90 micrograms 1/100 ml in Prague and 7.23 micrograms 1/100 ml urine in Príbram. CONCLUSIONS: The median ioduria values of neonates from two areas (Prague and Príbram), previously (93-94) in the zone of medium iodine deficiency, increased significantly during three years of intervention and in 1997 they reached normal levels of ioduria for the given age group.

[Neonatal levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone--early diagnosis of adrenogenital syndrome]. / Neonatální hladiny 17-hydroxyprogesteronu--raná diagnostika adrenogenitálního syndromu.

The authors submit the results of 17-hydroxyprogesterone estimations in serum of healthy neonates after birth and during the first days of life. The 17-hydroxyprogesterone level declines markedly after birth to the fourth day after birth in infants of both sexes. The levels recorded in infants above 4 days (8.4 +/- 3.4 nmol/l) will serve as normal values in the diagnosis of adrenogenital syndrome caused by the block of 21-hydroxylase steroids. Estimation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in umbilical blood cannot be used for the diagnosis of AGS in neonates.

[Effect of interruption on the prognosis of children from the following pregnancy]. / Vliv interrupce na prognózu detí z následujícího tehotenství

PIP: An analysis of the rates of neonatal fatility was made for the 10th district of Prague. Statistics showed that 50% of all neonatal fatalities occurred in newborns under 1000 gm of weight and that 60% of these fatalities occurred in women with artificial interruption of pregnancy in their history. On the basis of these statistics, abortion is considered to be 1 of the factors involved in the inability of women to carry pregnancies to full term. Perinatal mortality was also found to be worse in this district of Prague as opposed to rural districts. It was assumed that this is due to the higher number of abortions performed in the urban areas.^ieng