Subject(s)
Dog Diseases/genetics , Kidney Diseases/veterinary , Pedigree , Animals , Breeding , Dog Diseases/pathology , Dogs , Female , Kidney Diseases/genetics , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Male , MutationABSTRACT
The collagen type IV alpha3 and alpha4 chains (COL4A3 and COL4A4) are part of the specialized glomerular basement membrane in the kidney. In human these genes are responsible for Alport syndrome (a type of hereditary nephritis). Histopathological similarities between kidneys of Norwegian elkhound dogs affected with familial renal disease and human Alport syndrome were the basis for a candidate gene approach in Norwegian elkhounds. Three microsatellites-tightly linked to canine COL4A3 and COL4A4--were developed. The microsatellites were used to analyze linkage between COL4A3 and COL4A4 and familial renal disease in a Norwegian elkhound pedigree segregating this disease. Presence of one recombinant between familial renal disease and COL4A3/COL4A4 suggests that these genes are not likely candidates for familial renal disease in this breed.
Subject(s)
Collagen Type IV/genetics , Dog Diseases/genetics , Kidney Diseases/veterinary , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics , Age of Onset , Animals , Chromosome Mapping/methods , DNA Primers/genetics , Dogs , Female , Genetic Linkage , Kidney Diseases/genetics , Male , Pedigree , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
A pilot-study is presented to evaluate the use of Toluidine blue as a screening agent of premalignant and malignant oral lesions. Test results in 20 patients showed that Toluidine blue is effective in staining malignant lesions and not so in premalignant ones. The staining technique appears to be a worthwhile and simple diagnostic aid to support clinical evidence of malignancy. A biopsy remains mandatory in reaching the final diagnosis.
