ABSTRACT
We compared a group of intra-abdominal (IA) with intracanalicular (IC) testes of the same age in order to see if there were differences in the fertility potential of the testes in these two locations. We also wished to determine at what age, if any, differences became apparent. Semithin (1 microm thick) sections of 54 IA and 103 IC testes between the ages of 3 months and 5 years were evaluated and the spermatic index (SI) calculated for each. The two groups were compared using mathematical models to describe the relationship between age and SI. Models of both IA and IC testes show a sharp decline in the SI during the first 1.8 years of life and remain near zero thereafter. The models are statistically indistinguishable, suggesting there is no detectable difference in the fertility potential of IA and IC testes up to 5 years. The SI appears to reach a critically low value in both groups between 8 and 9 months of age, suggesting that surgical intervention would be appropriate before this time.
Subject(s)
Abdomen/pathology , Cryptorchidism/pathology , Cryptorchidism/physiopathology , Fertility , Seminiferous Tubules/pathology , Aging/physiology , Biopsy , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Male , Sperm Count , Spermatozoa/pathology , Spermatozoa/physiology , Testis/pathologyABSTRACT
Menetrier's disease (MD) or polyadenomes en nappe is a form of hypertrophic gastropathy occurring primarily in middle-aged males. Patients generally present clinically with dyspepsia and, on occasion, with hypoproteinemic edema and anemia. The latter feature, when combined with the radiographic appearance of the stomach in MD, can lend to confusion with carcinoma and malignant lymphoma. To illustrate this diagnostic problem, a case is reported of a 41-year-old female who initially presented to her family physician with symptoms of easy fatigue and dyspnea on exertion and signs of pallor and ankle edema. Pertinent laboratory findings included a hemoglobin of 2.8 g/dL, hematocrit of 10.3 percent, mean corpuscular volume of 63.4 mu 3, a serum albumin of 2.7 g/dL, and heme positive stools. Endoscopic examination revealed a circumferential polypoid mass involving the cardia and fundus of the stomach with relative sparing of the antrum. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed a large mass in the stomach which the radiologists and gastroenterologists believed probably represented a lymphoma or gastric carcinoma. A total gastrectomy specimen exhibited features of MD. Routine bright-field microscopy and immunohistochemical reactivity for transforming growth factor-alpha confirmed the diagnosis of MD. Moreover, ulceration of the tips of some of the hypertrophied gastric folds provided an explantation for the iron deficiency anemia. Awareness that MD may present with anemia will help in the differential diagnosis with lymphoma and carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/etiology , Gastritis, Hypertrophic/diagnosis , Adult , Biopsy , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Gastrectomy , Gastric Mucosa/pathology , Gastritis, Hypertrophic/complications , Gastritis, Hypertrophic/pathology , Humans , Lymphoma , Stomach Neoplasms , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) was described over 20 years ago by Rosai and Dorfman. Originally it was described as occurring in young males, predominantly with cervical lymphadenopathy. Since then over 423 histologically documented cases of SHML have been documented, including many extranodal sites. Few studies have characterized the cytologic features of SHML. CASE: Three cases of lymph node involvement by SHML occurred, one also with skin involvement. Cytologic findings included numerous histiocytes with phagocytized lymphocytes, atypical forms of histiocytes and a reactive, lymphoid background. Surgical biopsy and immunohistochemical stain for S-100 protein of all three cases confirmed the cytologic impression. CONCLUSION: Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy can be diagnosed by cytology in conjunction with clinical history and immunohistochemistry.
Subject(s)
Histiocytosis, Sinus/diagnosis , Lymphatic Diseases/diagnosis , Adult , Biopsy, Needle , Diagnosis, Differential , Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism , Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism , Female , Histiocytosis, Sinus/metabolism , Histiocytosis, Sinus/pathology , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Lymphatic Diseases/metabolism , Lymphatic Diseases/pathology , S100 Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
Nutrients have a pronounced effect on the growth and swarming behaviour of Proteus mirabilis 7002. Iron, zinc, amino acids, and dioxygen are important for rapid growth and normal swarming. Anaerobically grown cultures of P. mirabilis 7002 were unable to swarm on anaerobically maintained rich nutrient agar. Upon exposure to aerobic conditions, P. mirabilis 7002 resumed swarming behaviour. Scanning electron microscopy was used to demonstrate the presence of community organization and mature rafts during normal swarming. These results support the importance of dioxygen and redox status in cell differentiation.
