ABSTRACT
This study investigates the collateral activity of glycosidases in commercial pectinase preparations, and the release of aromas from their glycosidic counterparts in model cherry juices. It also examines possibilities for further enzymatic flavor modifications to cherry wine. The volatile aglycones released varied depending on the substrate specificities of the pectinolytic preparation, strain of yeast and bacteria used. Considerably larger amounts of monoterpenes, aliphatic alcohols and benzene derivatives, were released using pectinolytic preparations. The highest concentration of free aglycones was observed following hydrolysis with Pektopol PT. This was 93.9% of the total of volatiles detected in raw cherry juice. Many aglycones reached or exceeded their odor thresholds, enriching the flavor of the juice. The bacteria-derived glicosidases showed 3.4 times higher activity for free terpenoic and benzenoic aglycones than the yeast glycosidases. However, the total aroma in model wines inoculated with bacteria was still 88.6% lower than that in natural cherry juice.
Subject(s)
Wine , Bacteria , Fermentation , Glycoside Hydrolases , Lactic Acid , Yeast, DriedABSTRACT
The potato cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis) induces feeding sites (syncytia) in tomato and potato roots. In a previous study, 135 tomato genes up-regulated during G. rostochiensis migration and syncytium development were identified. Five genes (CYP97A29, DFR, FLS, NIK and PMEI) were chosen for further study to examine their roles in plant-nematode interactions. The promoters of these genes were isolated and potential cis regulatory elements in their sequences were characterized using bioinformatics tools. Promoter fusions with the ß-glucuronidase gene were constructed and introduced into tomato and potato genomes via transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes to produce hairy roots. The analysed promoters displayed different activity patterns in nematode-infected and uninfected transgenic hairy roots.
Subject(s)
Plant Roots/parasitology , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Solanum lycopersicum/genetics , Solanum tuberosum/genetics , Tylenchoidea/pathogenicity , 5' Untranslated Regions , Animals , Cloning, Molecular , Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Genes, Plant , Giant Cells/parasitology , Glucuronidase/genetics , Host-Parasite Interactions/genetics , Plant Roots/cytology , Plant Roots/genetics , Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics , Solanum tuberosum/parasitologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-18 is a pleiotropic cytokine. Synergistically with IL-12, IL-18 promotes immune responses of the T helper type, by enhancing synthesis of interferon-γ and inhibiting IgE production. IL-18 can also enhance production of IL-4 and IL-13 production, and stimulate synthesis of IgE. Moreover, in the presence of IL-3, IL-18 can directly stimulate basophils and mast cells to produce their mediators in an IgE-independent manner. These results indicate a role for IL-18 in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). AIM: To examine the association of serum IL-18 with IgE levels and disease severity in patients with AD. METHODS: ELISA was used to measure IL-18 and total IgE levels in the sera of 67 patients with AD and 50 healthy volunteers. The SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) tool was used to determine the severity of this disease. RESULTS: The mean serum level of IL-18 in study group (155.68 pg/mL) was significantly higher than that of controls. IL-18 was also significantly higher in the sera of the patients with severe AD than in those with milder disease. There was a correlation with IgE and IL-18 levels, as patients who had high IgE levels also had high IL-18 levels, compared with controls. CONCLUSION: IL-18 seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, but this requires further study. IL-18 could be a useful clinical marker of disease severity in AD.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/blood , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Interleukin-18/blood , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Poland , Severity of Illness Index , Young AdultABSTRACT
With a view to determining the frequency of contact allergy in children, a group of 100 subjects 5 to 15 years of age with various dermatoses was examined. The study group included children with allergic dermatoses (atopic dermatitis, eczema, and others) as well as nonallergic skin diseases (alopecia areata, psoriasis, vitiligo). The frequency of contact allergy occurrence in the individual groups has been determined. Contact allergy occurred the most frequently in children with various forms of eczema (60 percent), the least frequently in those with nonallergic dermatoses (32 percent). Children with eczema most often displayed a polyvalent allergy. Most frequently, positive patch test reactions occurred with potassium dichromate (in 21 percent of children), with cobalt chloride (in 11 percent), and with neomycin sulfate (in 10 percent).
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact , Adolescent , Age Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/epidemiology , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Patch Tests , Poland/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Sampling Studies , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
This work reports on the skin diseases which occur among the workers of the ceramic industry. The most frequently observed diseases were: dermatomycosis, eczema as a result of wear, and allergic diseases. Nickel, and also cobalt, turpentine, paraphenyldiamine and detergents were the main allergens. Mycotic infection was observed primarily among the workers using common bathrooms.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/adverse effects , Ceramics , Dermatitis, Occupational/etiology , Adult , Cobalt/adverse effects , Detergents/adverse effects , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nickel/adverse effects , Phenylenediamines/adverse effects , Staining and Labeling , Turpentine/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Ten patients (5 with atopic dermatitis and 5 with asthma-prurigo) aged 8-38 years, were treated with hyperbarie oxygenation, at the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine. Daily one exposure was applied at 0.1 MPa pure oxygen, during 15 days. Parallelly to the clinical evaluation also G, M, E immunoglobulins and the level of C3 and C4 complement were determined. All patients given this treatment improved clinically. In 9 of them, the level of IgE immunoglobulin decreased. The complement levels also decreased.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Atopic/therapy , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Adolescent , Adult , Asthma/immunology , Asthma/therapy , Child , Complement C3/analysis , Complement C4/analysis , Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology , Humans , Immunoglobulin A/analysis , Immunoglobulin E/analysis , Immunoglobulin G/analysis , Immunoglobulin M/analysis , Prurigo/immunology , Prurigo/therapyABSTRACT
In the years 1984-1988 in the Department of Dermatology, M. A. in Gdansk 80 cases of microsporum mycoses were diagnosed. The cases were due to Microsporum canis. Among 80 cases of this mycosis we found 59 children aged from 2 to 15 years and 21 subjects aged over 15 years. In children the most cases were diagnosed in the age group 4-7 years. In 40 cases (50%). M. canis produced lesions of hairless skin and in 36 cases (45%) the scalp was involved.
