ABSTRACT
To evaluate lung function responses to short-term indoor PM1 and PM2.5 concentrations, we conducted a panel study of healthy schoolchildren aged 13-14 years. The following lung function parameters FVC, FEV1, PEF, and mid expiratory flows MEF25, MEF50, and MEF75 were measured in 141 schoolchildren of the secondary school in Wroclaw, Poland in years 2009-2010. On days when spirometry tests were conducted, simultaneously, PM1 and PM2.5 samples were collected inside the school premises. Information about differentiating factors for children including smoking parents, sex, living close to busy streets, dust, mold, and pollen allergies were collected by means of questionnaires. To account for repeated measurements, the method of generalized estimating equations (GEE) was used. The GEE models for the entire group of children revealed the adverse effects (p < 0.05) of PM1 and PM2.5. Small differences in effects estimates per interquartile range (IQR) of PM1 and PM2.5 on MEF25 (5.1 and 4.8 %), MEF50 (3.7 and 3.9 %), MEF75 (3.5 and 3.6 %) and FEV1 (1.3 and 1.0 %) imply that PM1 was likely the component of PM2.5 that might have a principal health effect on these lung function parameters. However, the reduction of FVC and PEF per IQR for PM2.5 (2.1 and 5.2 %, respectively) was higher than for PM1 (1.0 and 4.4 %, respectively). Adjustment for potential confounders did not change the unadjusted analysis.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/toxicity , Air Pollution, Indoor , Environmental Exposure , Lung/physiology , Particulate Matter/toxicity , Adolescent , Female , Forced Expiratory Volume/drug effects , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Lung/drug effects , Male , PolandABSTRACT
Theophylline and other methylxanthines are the strongest and most widely used antiasthmatic drugs. Mechanism of theophylline effect is complicated. The first observations of this way, depend on inhibition of phosphodiesterase by increase of cAMP what is the reason of bronchorelaxation. As a results a theophylline action we can observe induction of adenosine receptors, inhibition of the some prostaglandin synthesis or allergic reaction mediatores and decrease of the level of calcium in muscles cells. It is probably (especially in bronchial asthma or acute lymphoblastic leukemia-ALL) that the one important effect of theophylline is the some cells apoptosis. For the good results of the therapeutics effect apart of important factors deciding of the theophylline metabolism (age of patients, kind of the diet, period of menstruation and smoking), we always should consider interactions of theophylline with other drugs. In this paper we presented the most often reasons of interactions between theophylline and others drugs.
Subject(s)
Asthma/drug therapy , Theophylline/pharmacokinetics , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Drug Interactions , Humans , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Receptors, Purinergic P1/drug effects , Theophylline/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was the evaluation of the measurement of sCD23 and IgE levels before and after immunotherapy. The research was conducted in a group of 23 children aged 6 to 18 years with pollinosis diagnosed on the basis of the patient's history, increased IgE level and positive skin tests with pollen allergens. The control group consisted of 10 healthy children in the same age with normal IgE level. The treated children were examined before and 6 weeks after immunotherapy. Before immunotherapy in both groups of children (with the high and medium IgE level) the sCD23 concentration was statistically higher (level of significance p < 0.001) compared to the sCD23 level in the healthy children. After immunotherapy we observed significant decrease of the sCD23 level. We did not found correlation between sCD23 and IgE in children with pollinosis before and after immunotherapy.
