Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Live Musical Theater-Based Approach to Child Sexual Abuse Prevention in Elementary Schools.

Hugs and Kisses is a theater-based child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention program designed for children in kindergarten through fifth grades. The purpose of this cross-sectional case study is to evaluate how a comprehensive live musical theater program can prepare teachers to discuss and identify the signs of CSA, help children increase their knowledge, and learn prevention strategies to stop CSA in the future. A total of 154 teachers and 2,700 children from 31 schools participated in this program during 2016. Findings show this program increases children's awareness of touch and action knowledge through five primary safety lessons taught during the program and reinforced by a teacher led in-person discussion after the play. Nearly 85% of the students across all grade levels in this sample understood the lessons taught in the play, and students whose teachers held an in-class discussion after the play scored better than those students whose teachers did not hold a discussion. Teachers who were prepared with training resources also held longer in-class discussions compared to those who were not prepared. The Hugs play has the potential to be a national model for evidence-based CSA programs.

Images of older people in UK magazine advertising: toward a typology.

The use of images of older people in the British advertising media has been under-researched to date. Further, previous research in any country has tended to examine such images from an a priori framework of general impressions and stereotypes of older people. This study addresses these issues with British consumers' (n = 106) impressions, trait ascriptions, and similarity-between-images ratings of a representative sample of U.K. magazine advertisements featuring older characters. After a series of sorting task laboratory sessions, multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analyses revealed four clearly defined groups representing types of portrayals. These types emerged from the advertisements and from the views of the consumers themselves. These emergent groupings are: (1) Frail and Vulnerable, (2) Happy and Affluent, (3) Mentors, (4) Active and Leisure-oriented older adults. These groupings seem to be a logical context-appropriate derivation from previous findings on generally held stereotypes of older persons. It is argued that the groupings have the potential to contribute to a reliable typology of advertising portrayals of older people, with potential heuristic leverage in social scientific research of intergenerational communication, lifespan concerns, and the aging process.

Prophylaxis against exposure to bloodborne pathogens during compounding.

Unintentional exposure to biologic pathogens can occur when preparations that contain blood or its components are compounded. For example, autologous eye drops, which are not commercially manufactured, incorporate serum that must be handled by various staff members in a compounding pharmacy. In this report, we describe workplace practices and materials used to inform our staff members who handle or compound that preparation and other similar formulations about the safe and appropriate handling of blood or body fluids that could contain biologic pathogens. Compounding pharmacists who must develop and implement a standard operating procedure for managing exposures to bloodborne pathogens will find the prototype plan presented in this article of interest.

Intergenerational communication across cultures: young people's perceptions of conversations with family elders, non-family elders and same-age peers.

Young adults from three Western (Canada, U.S.A., and New Zealand) and three East Asian (The Philippines, South Korea and Japan) nations completed a questionnaire regarding their perceptions of interactions with family elders, non-family elders, and same-age peers. Results showed that East Asians perceived family elders to be as accommodating as same-age peers, whereas Westerners perceived family elders as more accommodating than their same-age peers. Participants in both cultural blocks indicated an obligation to be most deferential towards non-family elders, followed by family elders, followed by same-age peers. Whereas both groups perceived interactions with same-age peers more positively than with the two older groups, the Western group perceived the older age groups more positively than did East Asians. Intergenerational communication is reportedly be more problematic than intragenerational communication and, consistent with previous findings, this pattern is more evident in East Asian nations on some variables.

Chronic alteration of subperitoneal tissue and peritoneal transport.

Based on previous work, we hypothesized that the alterations in tissue hyaluronan concentration ([HA]) brought about by chronic treatment of the peritoneum would result in corresponding changes in solute and water transport. To address that hypothesis, we carried out daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections for 2 months in 200-300 g rats of 30-40 mL of a sterile solution via peritoneal catheter tunneled to a subcutaneous port in the neck. Solutions used were: 4% N-acetylglucosamine (NAG), 4% mannitol (M), 4% glucose (G), and control group (C). After 2 months, each animal underwent transport studies, using plastic chambers affixed to the parietal peritoneum of the abdominal wall, to determine: small-solute mass, osmotic filtration, and albumin flux in response to 450-500 mOsm/kg. After each animal was humanely killed, the tissue below the chamber was removed and analyzed for [HA]. A 50% enhancement in [HA] in tissue was seen in NAG-treated animals as compared with animals in the other groups. Results for small-solute transport (one-way ANOVA, p > 0.6) and osmotic filtration (one-way ANOVA, p > 0.2) both demonstrated no significant differences among groups. The albumin flux (mean +/- standard error of the mean) in the control group (C) was significantly higher (0.36 +/- 0.03 microL/min/cm2) than in the three treatment groups, but no difference was seen among the treatment groups (NAG: 0.25 +/- 0.03 microL/min/cm2; M: 0.26 +/- 0.03 microL/min/cm2; G: 0.29 +/- 0.03 microL/min/cm2; one-way ANOVA, p = 0.064). We conclude that increasing [HA] by 50% in parietal peritoneal tissue does not bring about major changes in transperitoneal transport.