The use of questions in psychotherapy: A review of research on immediate outcomes.

This article defines and illustrates therapist questions in individual psychotherapy and then reviews the naturalistic, empirical research on their effectiveness. The research on immediate impacts of questions in psychotherapy has been mixed. The available research indicates that positive impacts, particularly of open questions, include increased client emotional expressiveness and affective exploration. However, negative impacts have also been found, suggesting that questions may be related to negative client perspectives of the therapist's empathy and helpfulness and session smoothness. The article focuses on definitions and clinical examples as well as research findings and limitations. The article concludes with training implications and therapeutic practice recommendations based on the empirical research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Turning 50: Past presidents reflect on what we have learned in our first half century.

As part of our celebration of turning 50, the Society for the Advancement of Psychotherapy (Division 29 of the American Psychological Association) asked its past presidents to comment on the most significant changes in and accomplishments of the division over the past half century. Although we have reviewed the division's history more specifically in the past (Canter, 1992; Williams, Barnett, & Canter, 2013), we thought it important to ask the past presidents to reflect on the role of our division within the profession and to consider our future as we reach this important birthday milestone. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

History of Division 29, 1993-2013: another 20 years of psychotherapy.

The history of Division 29 (Psychotherapy) of the American Psychological Association (APA) from 1993 to 2013 is reviewed. The 20 years of history can be traced via the Division's primary publications (the journal Psychotherapy and its newsletter Psychotherapy Bulletin) as well as the history of those who have served leadership roles in the Division and have won Divisional awards. Several recurring themes emerge related to the Division's articulations of its own identity, the Division's advocacy efforts vis-à-vis the profession and the APA, and the work of the Division on behalf of major social issues (such as disaster relief and the nation's health care).

Achieving trustworthiness in qualitative research: a pan-paradigmatic perspective.

In this article, as two researchers from different traditions in qualitative research (consensual qualitative research and grounded theory), the authors present their shared views on the critical elements of trustworthiness in qualitative data. In addition to making specific recommendations about the integrity of data, the balance between participant meaning and researcher interpretation, and clear communication and application of the findings, they identify ways in which these issues are difficult to negotiate within and across different qualitative approaches. The authors present examples from various qualitative studies, emphasize the need for a shared language to reduce confusion between qualitative traditions and with researchers from a more strictly quantitative orientation, and recommend particular approaches to establishing trustworthiness in qualitative research.

Identity salience model: A paradigm for integrating multiple identities in clinical practice.

The manuscript presents an identity salience model for clinical practice and psychotherapy research. The model seeks to incorporate contemporary social identity theory and ecological theory, as well as an appreciation of individuals' multiple identities without necessitating a hierarchy of oppression. A clinical case example utilizing the identity salience model is presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).

A psychotherapy researcher's perspective on therapist self-awareness and self-focused attention after a decade of research.

In this Early Career Award paper, the interplay between quantitative and qualitative approaches to self-awareness in the psychotherapy literature is described. In addition, the linkages between therapist self-awareness and self-focused attention discussed in the cognitive and social psychology literatures are also addressed. Contradictory sets of findings are examined; for example, momentary states of therapist self-awareness have at times been associated with anxiety or poor performance and at other times with positive interpersonal processes and client perceptions. Some of the studies on the management of distracting self-awareness are also reviewed, and suggestions for future research in the areas of mindfulness, attentional flexibility, and the person of the therapist are provided.