ABSTRACT
GATA3 immunohistochemistry stain of the bone marrow biopsy required to diagnose recurrent metastatic breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic , Humans , Female , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/diagnosis , Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology , Bone Marrow/pathology , Biopsy , Chronic DiseaseABSTRACT
Resumen Las guías de la práctica clínica internacionales recomiendan a las estatinas como la terapia de elección para el manejo de la dislipidemia. No obstante, pese a la evidencia acerca de la importancia del manejo de esta condición, existe un porcentaje significativo de los adultos que no logran las metas en los lípidos con las estatinas. Lo anterior ha estimulado el desarrollo de anticuerpos monoclonales que inactivan la paraproteína convertasa subtilisina/kexina tipo 9. Estos medicamentos han sido aprobados como adyuvantes a la dieta y a las dosis máximas toleradas de la estatina para la hipercolesterolemia familiar o la aterosclerosis clínica en pacientes que requieren disminución adicional de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad. En este artículo revisaremos la evidencia actual acerca de los anticuerpos anti-paraproteína convertasa subtilisina/kexina tipo 9 con el objetivo de optimizar el tratamiento clínico de nuestros pacientes.
Abstract International clinical practice guidelines recommend statins as the treatment of choice for managing dyslipidemias. However, despite evidence regarding the importance of controlling this condition, there is a significant percentage of adults who do not meet their target lipids with statins. This has stimulated the development of monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. These drugs have been approved as adjuvants for the diet and the maximum tolerated statin dosage in familial hypercholesterolemia or clinical atherosclerosis in patients requiring an additional reduction of low-density lipoproteins. This article reviews current evidence regarding antibodies against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 with the goal of optimising clinical treatment of our patients.
Subject(s)
Hypercholesterolemia , Cholesterol, LDL , Pharmacology , Pharmaceutical Preparations , AntibodiesABSTRACT
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a procedure commonly used for the diagnosis and treatment of various pancreatic and biliary diseases. Air embolism is a rare complication, which may be associated with this procedure. This condition can be manifested as cardiopulmonary instability and/or neurological symptoms. Known risk factors include: sphincterotomy; application of air with high intramural pressure; anatomic abnormalities; and chronic hepatobiliary inflammation. It is important for the health-care staff, including anesthesiologists, interventional gastroenterologists, and critical care specialists, amongst others, to promptly recognize air embolism and to initiate therapy in a timely fashion, thus preventing potentially fatal outcomes. We submit a brief review of the literature and a case report of air embolism which occurred in the immediate postoperative stage of an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, performed in a woman with a history of liver transplantation due to Budd Chiari syndrome and biliary stricture.
ABSTRACT
El papel del endotelio en la insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) ha sido el centro de intensa investigación, puesto que tiene importantes implicaciones sistémicas expresadas en su efecto vasomotor, hemostático e inflamatorio. Existen diferencias individuales en el patrón de la disfunción endotelial de acuerdo a la etiología y severidad de la IC. La disfunción endotelial tiene un importante valor pronóstico en la IC y, aunque aún necesitamos conocer más aspectos de relevancia clínica, es evidente que esta condición se relaciona con desenlaces negativos en estos pacientes. Estamos a la espera de nuevos agentes farmacéuticos dirigidos específicamente al endotelio vascular. En esta revisión, nuestro objetivo es ofrecer un análisis crítico y contemporáneo de la evidencia disponible sobre las consecuencias patológicas y pronóstico de las anomalías endoteliales que definen el inicio, la historia natural y, en última instancia, los desenlaces en la IC...
The role of the endothelium in heart failure has been the focus of intense research, since it has important biologic implications. There are individual differences in the pattern of endothelial dysfunction according to the etiology and severity of heart failure. Endothelial dysfunction is also associated with negative outcomes. We are eagerly waiting for new pharmacological agents targeted specifically to the vascular endothelium. In this review, we aim to provide a critical analysis of the available evidence on the pathological consequences and prognosis of endothelial abnormalities as related to the onset and natural history of heart failure...
Subject(s)
Humans , Endothelial Cells , Endothelium , Heart Failure , Nitric OxideABSTRACT
Introduction. The clinical course of an autoimmune paraneoplastic syndrome parallels the natural history of the primary malignancy. In most cases, such paraneoplastic are syndromes hardly distinguishable from idiopathic autoimmune diseases. A case of polyangiitis with granulomatosis as a paraneoplastic syndrome in a patient with B-cell Lymphoma of the lacrimal gland has not yet been reported. Case Presentation. We present the case of a male patient with a B-cell Lymphoma of the lacrimal gland, who debuted with symptoms similar to rheumatoid arthritis and acute renal failure, secondary to polyangiitis with granulomatosis. The current pathophysiological hypotheses explaining the relationship between a lymphoproliferative disease and an autoimmune paraneoplastic disorder are discussed. Conclusion. Tumor-associated segmental necrotizing glomerulopathy is a very rare manifestation of glomerular diseases. Some atypical clinical features should increase the suspicion of an underlying tumor, in which case it is essential to treat the primary neoplasia, in order to control the autoimmune manifestations.
