ABSTRACT
Ixodes ticks are important vectors in the transmission of human disease. In endemic areas, infection with multiple tick-borne diseases may occur. In part 3 of this review, identification and management of coinfection with multiple pathogens is discussed. Methods of tick-bite prevention and tick removal also are discussed.
Subject(s)
Tick-Borne Diseases/prevention & control , Anaplasmosis/complications , Anaplasmosis/prevention & control , Babesiosis/complications , Babesiosis/prevention & control , Coinfection , Humans , Lyme Disease/complications , Lyme Disease/prevention & control , Tick-Borne Diseases/complicationsABSTRACT
The Ixodes tick is an important arthropod vector in the transmission of human disease. Although Lyme disease is the most prevalent zoonosis transmitted by Ixodes ticks, other less common diseases may be encountered, including human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, Powassan virus infection, tick-borne encephalitis, Borrelia miyamotoi disease, and tick paralysis. In part 2 of this review, disease presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of these less commonly encountered tick-borne diseases are discussed.
Subject(s)
Ixodes , Tick Infestations/diagnosis , Tick Infestations/therapy , Tick-Borne Diseases/diagnosis , Tick-Borne Diseases/therapy , AnimalsABSTRACT
The Ixodes tick is an important arthropod vector in the transmission of human disease. This 3-part review highlights the biology of the Ixodes tick and manifestations of related diseases. Part 1 addresses the Ixodes tick biology and life cycle; local reactions; and Lyme disease, the most prevalent of associated diseases. Part 2 will address human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, Powassan virus infection, Borrelia miyamotoi disease, tick-borne encephalitis, and tick paralysis. Part 3 will address coinfection with multiple pathogens as well as methods of tick-bite prevention and tick removal.
