Occurrence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Virus Infections in Buffaloes in Pernambuco state - Brazil

Background: Buffaloes are susceptible to viral infections, often associated with pathologies of importance in cattle breeding. Among the numerous infectious diseases, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) have a negative impact on buffalo creations.  This study aimed to detect the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infections in buffaloes in Pernambuco state, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, serum samples were obtained from 244 buffaloes on eight properties distributed in six municipalities. The search for anti-BVDV and -bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) antibodies was performed using the virus neutralization technique. To analyze the association between the serological status of BoHV-1 infection and aspects of hygienic-sanitary and reproductive management, an investigative questionnaire with objective questions was used. In total, 97.9% (239/244) of buffaloes had anti-BVDV antibodies and 56.1% (137/244) had anti-BoHV-1 antibodies. Co-infection was observed in 55.3% (135/244) of buffaloes. The distribution of antibody occurrence in buffaloes by properties ranged from 90.5% to 100.0% for BVDV and from 4.8% to 100% for BoHV-1. It was not possible to perform an association analysis for BVDV infection; however, in that for BoHV-1 infection, the following var

Occurrence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Virus Infections in Buffaloes in Pernambuco state - Brazil

Background: Buffaloes are susceptible to viral infections, often associated with pathologies of importance in cattle breeding. Among the numerous infectious diseases, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) have a negative impact on buffalo creations.  This study aimed to detect the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infections in buffaloes in Pernambuco state, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, serum samples were obtained from 244 buffaloes on eight properties distributed in six municipalities. The search for anti-BVDV and -bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) antibodies was performed using the virus neutralization technique. To analyze the association between the serological status of BoHV-1 infection and aspects of hygienic-sanitary and reproductive management, an investigative questionnaire with objective questions was used. In total, 97.9% (239/244) of buffaloes had anti-BVDV antibodies and 56.1% (137/244) had anti-BoHV-1 antibodies. Co-infection was observed in 55.3% (135/244) of buffaloes. The distribution of antibody occurrence in buffaloes by properties ranged from 90.5% to 100.0% for BVDV and from 4.8% to 100% for BoHV-1. It was not possible to perform an association analysis for BVDV infection; however, in that for BoHV-1 infection, the following var

Occurrence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Virus Infections in Buffaloes in Pernambuco state - Brazil

Background: Buffaloes are susceptible to viral infections, often associated with pathologies of importance in cattle breeding. Among the numerous infectious diseases, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) have a negative impact on buffalo creations.  This study aimed to detect the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infections in buffaloes in Pernambuco state, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, serum samples were obtained from 244 buffaloes on eight properties distributed in six municipalities. The search for anti-BVDV and -bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) antibodies was performed using the virus neutralization technique. To analyze the association between the serological status of BoHV-1 infection and aspects of hygienic-sanitary and reproductive management, an investigative questionnaire with objective questions was used. In total, 97.9% (239/244) of buffaloes had anti-BVDV antibodies and 56.1% (137/244) had anti-BoHV-1 antibodies. Co-infection was observed in 55.3% (135/244) of buffaloes. The distribution of antibody occurrence in buffaloes by properties ranged from 90.5% to 100.0% for BVDV and from 4.8% to 100% for BoHV-1. It was not possible to perform an association analysis for BVDV infection; however, in that for BoHV-1 infection, the following var

Occurrence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Virus Infections in Buffaloes in Pernambuco state - Brazil

Background: Buffaloes are susceptible to viral infections, often associated with pathologies of importance in cattle breeding. Among the numerous infectious diseases, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) have a negative impact on buffalo creations.  This study aimed to detect the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infections in buffaloes in Pernambuco state, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, serum samples were obtained from 244 buffaloes on eight properties distributed in six municipalities. The search for anti-BVDV and -bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) antibodies was performed using the virus neutralization technique. To analyze the association between the serological status of BoHV-1 infection and aspects of hygienic-sanitary and reproductive management, an investigative questionnaire with objective questions was used. In total, 97.9% (239/244) of buffaloes had anti-BVDV antibodies and 56.1% (137/244) had anti-BoHV-1 antibodies. Co-infection was observed in 55.3% (135/244) of buffaloes. The distribution of antibody occurrence in buffaloes by properties ranged from 90.5% to 100.0% for BVDV and from 4.8% to 100% for BoHV-1. It was not possible to perform an association analysis for BVDV infection; however, in that for BoHV-1 infection, the following var

Occurrence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Virus Infections in Buffaloes in Pernambuco state - Brazil

Background: Buffaloes are susceptible to viral infections, often associated with pathologies of importance in cattle breeding. Among the numerous infectious diseases, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) have a negative impact on buffalo creations.  This study aimed to detect the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infections in buffaloes in Pernambuco state, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, serum samples were obtained from 244 buffaloes on eight properties distributed in six municipalities. The search for anti-BVDV and -bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) antibodies was performed using the virus neutralization technique. To analyze the association between the serological status of BoHV-1 infection and aspects of hygienic-sanitary and reproductive management, an investigative questionnaire with objective questions was used. In total, 97.9% (239/244) of buffaloes had anti-BVDV antibodies and 56.1% (137/244) had anti-BoHV-1 antibodies. Co-infection was observed in 55.3% (135/244) of buffaloes. The distribution of antibody occurrence in buffaloes by properties ranged from 90.5% to 100.0% for BVDV and from 4.8% to 100% for BoHV-1. It was not possible to perform an association analysis for BVDV infection; however, in that for BoHV-1 infection, the following var

Occurrence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) Virus Infections in Buffaloes in Pernambuco state - Brazil

Background: Buffaloes are susceptible to viral infections, often associated with pathologies of importance in cattle breeding. Among the numerous infectious diseases, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVDV) and Bovine Infectious Rhinotracheitis (IBR) have a negative impact on buffalo creations.  This study aimed to detect the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus infections in buffaloes in Pernambuco state, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: For this purpose, serum samples were obtained from 244 buffaloes on eight properties distributed in six municipalities. The search for anti-BVDV and -bovine herpesvirus type-1 (BoHV-1) antibodies was performed using the virus neutralization technique. To analyze the association between the serological status of BoHV-1 infection and aspects of hygienic-sanitary and reproductive management, an investigative questionnaire with objective questions was used. In total, 97.9% (239/244) of buffaloes had anti-BVDV antibodies and 56.1% (137/244) had anti-BoHV-1 antibodies. Co-infection was observed in 55.3% (135/244) of buffaloes. The distribution of antibody occurrence in buffaloes by properties ranged from 90.5% to 100.0% for BVDV and from 4.8% to 100% for BoHV-1. It was not possible to perform an association analysis for BVDV infection; however, in that for BoHV-1 infection, the following var

Spatial characterization of Leptospira spp. infection in equids from the Brejo Paraibano micro-region in Brazil.

The present study, the first to spatially characterize Leptospira spp. infection among equids in the Brejo Paraibano micro-region of the Paraiba state in the northeast of Brazil, investigated 257 animals in 26 farms properties. Serum samples from 204 horses, 46 mules and seven donkeys were serologically diagnosed using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The distribution of Leptospira spp. was studied by employing specific antigens from 24 different Leptospira serovars. All farms were georeferenced and their distribution visualised on a map of the Brejo Paraibano micro-region. In addition, rainfall data were obtained from the same year, in which the sampling was performed. Among the 20 farms found to harbour animals with leptospirosis, 14 (70%) exhibited low prevalence, five (25%) medium prevalence and one (5%), high prevalence. Certain areas had a higher density of infected farms and required intervention to control the infection. Many serovars were widely distributed, while others were more common in particular areas. There was no significant association between the prevalence of Leptospira spp. infection and rainfall.

PREVALÊNCIA DA INFECÇÃO POR Brucella spp. EM EQUÍDEOS NA MICRORREGIÃO DO BREJO PARAIBANO

Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a prevalência da infecção por Brucella spp. em equídeos no Brejo Paraibano. Foram analisadas 257 amostras em 26 propriedades. Para o diagnóstico utilizou-se o teste do Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado. Das 257 amostras analisadas nenhuma foi reagente. Este é o primeiro estudo a pesquisar anticorpos contra Brucella spp. em equídeos nessa microrregião. Apesar de não terem sido diagnosticados animais reagentes e da menor importância epidemiológica em equídeos se comparados aos bovídeos, inquéritos epidemiológicos são necessários para determinar o status sorológico nestas espécies, uma vez que as mesmas podem servir como fonte de infecção para outras espécies, incluindo o homem.

Evaluation of the knowledge of Zoonoses by professional and academic of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine in Maceió-Alagoas-Brazil / Avaliação sobre o conhecimento de zoonoses em profissionais e acadêmicos da medicina e medicina veterinária na cidade de Maceió-Alagoas-Brasil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of Human and Veter­inary Doctors, as well as graduates in Human and Veterinary Medicine on what are zoonosis. Thirty-one doctors active in the area of clinical medicine, 27 veter­inarians active in the area of small animals clinic, 70 graduates in medicine and 57 veterinary students were interviewed. In evaluation on the conceptual knowl­edge of zoonosis, 44.4% of veterinarians and 42.2% of students graduating in veterinary medicine correctly replied, what was stated by 3.4% of physicians and 12.9% of medical students. When associated with the prior knowledge between graduates of medicine and veterinary medicine and between doctors and veteri­nary professionals, we observed a significant association (p 0.001). Thereby, we suggest the need for a reformulation of the methodologies used in the disciplines of Public Health regarding the concept of zoonosis, as well as the development of information campaigns and retraining of professionals.

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o conhecimento de Médicos Hu­manos e Veterinários, assim como de formandos em Medicina Humana e Veterinária sobre o que são zoonoses. Foram entrevistados 31 Médicos atuantes na área de clínica médica, 27 veterinários atuantes na área de clínica médica de pequenos animais, 70 estudantes formandos em medi­cina e 57 em veterinária. Na avaliação sobre o conhecimento conceitual de zoonoses, 44,4% dos veterinários e 42,2% dos concluintes do curso de medicina veterinária assinalaram de forma correta, o que foi afirmado por 3,4% dos médicos e 12,9% dos formandos em medicina. Quando associa­do o conhecimento prévio entre os formandos de medicina e medicina ve­terinária e entre os profissionais médicos e veterinários, observou-se uma associação significativa (p 0,001). Diante o exposto sugere-se a necessida­de de reformulação das metodologias aplicadas nas disciplinas de Saúde Pública no que concerne ao conceito das zoonoses, bem como o desenvol­vimento de campanhas informativas e de reciclagem dos profissionais.

PARTICIPATION OF Staphylococcus spp IN THE ETIOLOGY OF MASTITIS IN DAIRY COWS IN THE STATE OF PERNAMBUCO (BRAZIL) / PARTICIPAÇÃO DOS Staphylococcus spp NA ETIOLOGIA DAS MASTITES EM BOVINOS LEITEIROS NO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO (BRASIL)

The purpose of this study was to quantify the occurrence of the bacteria Staphylococcus in the etiology of bovine mastitis in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil). A total of 1,080 samples were collected from 15 farms located in Zona de Mata, Agreste, and Metropolitan Recife Regions of the State of Pernambuco. Milk samples  were spread on an agar base enriched with 5% sheeps blood and incubated at 37ºC, with readings at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The morphological characteristics of the colonies were used to identify the bacteria, as well as the morphostaining chacteristics, using the Gram technique.  Biochemical tests were carried out, such as production of free coagulase, DNase, catalysis, acetonin production test, glucose (anaerobiose) and manitol (aerobiose and anaerobiose) fermentation.  Of the 1,080 samples analyzed, 740 (68.5%) were positive upon microbiological examination and 340 (31.5%) negative.  The Staphylococcus bacteria were isolated in 291 (39.3%) of the samples.  Of these, 170 (58.4%) were classified as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (SCN), 84 (28.9%) as Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and 37(12.7%) as coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (SCP). The results of the present study indicated that Staphylococcus spp has a high participation in the epidemiology of bovine mastitis in the region selected and suggests that medium and long-term training take place to prepare spe

Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar a ocorrência de bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus na etiologia da mastite bovina no estado de Pernambuco. Foram coletadas 1080 amostras de leite procedentes de 15 propriedades situadas em municípios da Região Metropolitana do Recife, Agreste e Zona da Mata do Estado de Pernambuco. Alíquotas de leite foram semeadas em ágar base enriquecido com 5% de sangue ovino e incubadas a 37ºC, realizando-se leituras após 24, 48 e 72 horas. Para identificação bacteriana foram observadas as características morfológicas das colônias além das características morfotintorias à técnica do Gram. Foram realizadas provas bioquímicas como produção de coagulase livre, DNase, catalase,  provas de produção de acetoína, fermentação da glicose (anaerobiose) e do manitol (aerobiose e anaerobiose). Das 1080 amostras analisadas, 740 (68,5%) foram positivas ao exame microbiológico e 340 (31,5%) foram negativas. Das amostras positivas, isolaram-se bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus em 291 (39,3%), das quais 170 (58,4%) foram classificadas como Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (SCN), 84 (28,9%) como Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) e 37(12,7%) como Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstram a elevada participação do gênero Staphylococcus na epidemiologia das mastites em bovinos na região estudada e sugerem a necessidade da capac

PARTICIPATION OF Staphylococcus spp IN THE ETIOLOGY OF MASTITIS IN DAIRY COWS IN THE STATE OF PERNAMBUCO (BRAZIL) / PARTICIPAÇÃO DOS Staphylococcus spp NA ETIOLOGIA DAS MASTITES EM BOVINOS LEITEIROS NO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO (BRASIL)

The purpose of this study was to quantify the occurrence of the bacteria Staphylococcus in the etiology of bovine mastitis in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil). A total of 1,080 samples were collected from 15 farms located in Zona de Mata, Agreste, and Metropolitan Recife Regions of the State of Pernambuco. Milk samples  were spread on an agar base enriched with 5% sheeps blood and incubated at 37ºC, with readings at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The morphological characteristics of the colonies were used to identify the bacteria, as well as the morphostaining chacteristics, using the Gram technique.  Biochemical tests were carried out, such as production of free coagulase, DNase, catalysis, acetonin production test, glucose (anaerobiose) and manitol (aerobiose and anaerobiose) fermentation.  Of the 1,080 samples analyzed, 740 (68.5%) were positive upon microbiological examination and 340 (31.5%) negative.  The Staphylococcus bacteria were isolated in 291 (39.3%) of the samples.  Of these, 170 (58.4%) were classified as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (SCN), 84 (28.9%) as Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and 37(12.7%) as coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (SCP). The results of the present study indicated that Staphylococcus spp has a high participation in the epidemiology of bovine mastitis in the region selected and suggests that medium and long-term training take place to prepare spe

Objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar a ocorrência de bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus na etiologia da mastite bovina no estado de Pernambuco. Foram coletadas 1080 amostras de leite procedentes de 15 propriedades situadas em municípios da Região Metropolitana do Recife, Agreste e Zona da Mata do Estado de Pernambuco. Alíquotas de leite foram semeadas em ágar base enriquecido com 5% de sangue ovino e incubadas a 37ºC, realizando-se leituras após 24, 48 e 72 horas. Para identificação bacteriana foram observadas as características morfológicas das colônias além das características morfotintorias à técnica do Gram. Foram realizadas provas bioquímicas como produção de coagulase livre, DNase, catalase,  provas de produção de acetoína, fermentação da glicose (anaerobiose) e do manitol (aerobiose e anaerobiose). Das 1080 amostras analisadas, 740 (68,5%) foram positivas ao exame microbiológico e 340 (31,5%) foram negativas. Das amostras positivas, isolaram-se bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus em 291 (39,3%), das quais 170 (58,4%) foram classificadas como Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (SCN), 84 (28,9%) como Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) e 37(12,7%) como Staphylococcus coagulase positiva (SCP). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstram a elevada participação do gênero Staphylococcus na epidemiologia das mastites em bovinos na região estudada e sugerem a necessidade da capac

PREVALÊNCIA DE ANTICORPOS ANTI-Neospora caninum EM CAPRINOS NO ESTADO DE ALAGOAS, BRASIL

Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em caprinos no estado de Alagoas, Brasil, além de identificar os fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo parasito. A pesquisa foi realizada em dez municípios, dos quais foram analisadas 24 propriedades de produção caprina com animais de aptidão mista. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas de 454 animais para pesquisa de anticorpos anti-N. caninum utilizando a técnica de Imunofluorescência Indireta. Em cada propriedade foi aplicado questionário investigativo com questões referentes ao sistema de produção e manejo nutricional, reprodutivo e sanitário. A soroprevalência encontrada foi de 5,3% com 62,5% das propriedades apresentando pelo menos um animal positivo. Não foi observada associação significativa para as variáveis referentes aos fatores de risco pesquisados. A existência de focos de infecção nas diferentes Mesorregiões do estado indica a presença de N. caninum nos rebanhos e a necessidade de diagnóstico do parasito em propriedades com histórico de distúrbios reprodutivos. Palavras-chave: Neosporose, Neospora caninum, caprinos, sorodiagnóstico, fatores de risco.   PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES ANTI- Neospora caninum IN GOATS IN THE STATE OF ALAGOAS, BRAZIL ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence and identify the risks concerning to Neospora caninum infecti

PREVALÊNCIA DE ANTICORPOS ANTI-Neospora caninum EM CAPRINOS NO ESTADO DE ALAGOAS, BRASIL

Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em caprinos no estado de Alagoas, Brasil, além de identificar os fatores de risco associados à infecção pelo parasito. A pesquisa foi realizada em dez municípios, dos quais foram analisadas 24 propriedades de produção caprina com animais de aptidão mista. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas de 454 animais para pesquisa de anticorpos anti-N. caninum utilizando a técnica de Imunofluorescência Indireta. Em cada propriedade foi aplicado questionário investigativo com questões referentes ao sistema de produção e manejo nutricional, reprodutivo e sanitário. A soroprevalência encontrada foi de 5,3% com 62,5% das propriedades apresentando pelo menos um animal positivo. Não foi observada associação significativa para as variáveis referentes aos fatores de risco pesquisados. A existência de focos de infecção nas diferentes Mesorregiões do estado indica a presença de N. caninum nos rebanhos e a necessidade de diagnóstico do parasito em propriedades com histórico de distúrbios reprodutivos. Palavras-chave: Neosporose, Neospora caninum, caprinos, sorodiagnóstico, fatores de risco.   PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES ANTI- Neospora caninum IN GOATS IN THE STATE OF ALAGOAS, BRAZIL ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the prevalence and identify the risks concerning to Neospora caninum infecti

ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE O EXAME CITOLÓGICO E MICROBIOLÓGICO NO DIAGNÓSTICO DE ENDOMETRITE EQUINA

RESUMO Para o exame microbiológico o swab foi semeado em ágar base acrescido de 8% (v/v) de sangue ovino desfibrinado e ágar Levine. A colheita de material para o exame citológico uterino foi realizada com auxílio de escova ginecológica, em seguida realizaram-se esfregaços do material obtido em lâminas que foram coradas pelas técnicas de Giemsa. Das 25 éguas estudadas nove (36,0%) foram negativas ao exame microbiológico e 16 (64,0%) positivas. Dentre as amostras positivas ao exame microbiológico, observou-se reação inflamatória ao exame citológico em quatro (25,0%). O valor de concordância entre o exame microbiológico e citológico foi K= 0,058, demonstrando uma concordância fraca. Os resultados do exame microbiológico devem ser interpretados com cautela para evitar resultados falso positivos que coloquem em risco a integridade da mucosa uterina devido a utilização de antibioticoterapia desnecessária. Palavras-chave: inflamação endometrial, citologia, estro, microbiologia, égua. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE CYTOLOGIC AND MICROBIOLOGIC EXAMINATIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF EQUINE ENDOMETRITIS ABSTRACT To perform the microbiological examination the material from the swabs were seeded onto agar containing 8% (v/v) defibrinated sheep blood and Levine agar. The cytological examination samples were collected using a plastic-fronded brush and the smears were prepared on a slide

Seroprevalence of antibodies to Chlamydophila abortus in ovine in the State of Alagoas, Brazil

The goal of this study was to perform a seroepidemiological investigation and to identify risk factors associated with infection of Chlamydophila abortus of sheep herds in the Brazilian state of Alagoas. The study was conducted with samples of 274 ewes with ages equal to or higher than 24 months in 25 herds and in 23 towns located in three regions of the state (Sertão, Agreste and Eastern Alagoas). Anti-C. abortus antibodies were detected using the microcomplement fixation test. The risk factors, were determined based on questionnaires consisting of objective questions, about the farmer and general characteristics of the herd like size, sanitary situation and reproductive management. Among 274 sera samples analyzed for C. abortus, 59 (21.5%) were positive with titers >32, 187 (68.3%) negative and 28 (10.2%) suspect with titers >16. In the 23 towns studied, 20 had positive animals. Among herds 21 (77.7%) of had positive animals. The only variable which appeared to be significant in the multivariate analysis was the region, and Sertão was the most significant (p 0.001; OR=3.48; T.I. 1.79 - 6.76). Results indicate that infection by Chlamydophila abortus is widespread on sheep farms in the State of Alagoas. Others studies, however, have to be conducted to isolate the agent in order to confirm the role of the bacteria is reproductive disturbances in sheeps. In addition to that, control and prophylactic measures along with health promoting programs have to be encouraged on the studied farms so that infection reates are reduced.

Glanders in donkeys (Equus asinus) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: a case report

The clinical, anatomical and histopatological findings of glanders diagnosis in donkeys in the state of Pernambuco-Brazil are reported. The animals were euthanized and necropsied, and evaluated for lesions in respiratory and lymphatic systems, confirming the disease by isolation of Burkholderia mallei and Strauss test.

RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO Neospora caninum INFECTION IN DAIRY COWS IN PERNAMBUCO / FATORES DE RISCOS ASSOCIADOS À INFECÇÃO POR Neospora caninum EM MATRIZES BOVINAS LEITEIRAS EM PERNAMBUCO

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the risk factors associated to Neospora caninum in dairy cows in the state of Pernambuco. Were collected 469 blood samples originated from 20 different farms. Indirect Immunofluorescence (IFI) was the technique employed to detect N. caninum antibodies in the samples. During sample collection, epidemiological inquiring was performed. From the samples tested, 31.7% (163/469) showed a positive reaction to N. caninum, distributed among 17 (85%) of the properties studied. It was observed a significant association with all aspects related to hygienic-sanitary management such as veterinary assistance (p = 0.011); nutritional condition (p = 0.031); presence of wetlands (p 0.001); manipulation of newborn calves (p 0.001) and the fate of the cows had aborted (p = 0.004). Moreover, risk factors associated to reproductive disturb such as abortion history (p = 0.042) and abortions period (p = 0.014), were also observed. The findings described in this study characterize the first evidence of N. caninum infection in dairy cows in the state of Pernambuco, demonstrating the necessity of performing systematic diagnosis and monitoring of the cattle regarding their reproductive efficiency, in addition to the implementation of prophylactic and control measures.  KEY WORDS: Cattle, epidemiologic aspects, indirect immunofluorescence, Neospora cani

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os fatores de riscos associados à infecção pelo Neospora caninum em matrizes bovinas leiteiras no Estado de Pernambuco. Colheram-se 469 amostras de sangue, distribuídas em vinte propriedades. A técnica utilizada para detecção de anticorpos contra N. caninum foi a imunofluorescência indireta (IFI). Durante a colheita das amostras, aplicaram-se questionários investigativos. Das amostras testadas, 31,7% (163/469) foram reagentes para N. caninum, distribuídas em dezessete (85,0%) propriedades. Observou-se associação significativa com todos aqueles relacionados ao manejo higiênico-sanitário como assistência veterinária (p = 0,011); estado nutricional (p = 0,031); presença de instalações alagadiças (p 0,001); manuseio do feto (p 0,001); destino das vacas que abortaram (p = 0,004) e com alguns fatores relacionados aos distúrbios reprodutivos como histórico de aborto (p= 0,042) e época do aborto (p = 0,014). Esses achados registram a primeira ocorrência da infecção pelo N. caninum em matrizes bovinas leiteiras no Estado de Pernambuco, indicando-se a necessidade da realização do diagnóstico sistemático e monitoramento dos rebanhos quanto à eficiência reprodutiva, além da implantação de medidas de controle e profilaxia. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Aspectos epidemiológicos, imunofluorescência indireta, bovinos, Neospora caninum.

RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED TO Neospora caninum INFECTION IN DAIRY COWS IN PERNAMBUCO / FATORES DE RISCOS ASSOCIADOS À INFECÇÃO POR Neospora caninum EM MATRIZES BOVINAS LEITEIRAS EM PERNAMBUCO

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the risk factors associated to Neospora caninum in dairy cows in the state of Pernambuco. Were collected 469 blood samples originated from 20 different farms. Indirect Immunofluorescence (IFI) was the technique employed to detect N. caninum antibodies in the samples. During sample collection, epidemiological inquiring was performed. From the samples tested, 31.7% (163/469) showed a positive reaction to N. caninum, distributed among 17 (85%) of the properties studied. It was observed a significant association with all aspects related to hygienic-sanitary management such as veterinary assistance (p = 0.011); nutritional condition (p = 0.031); presence of wetlands (p 0.001); manipulation of newborn calves (p 0.001) and the fate of the cows had aborted (p = 0.004). Moreover, risk factors associated to reproductive disturb such as abortion history (p = 0.042) and abortions period (p = 0.014), were also observed. The findings described in this study characterize the first evidence of N. caninum infection in dairy cows in the state of Pernambuco, demonstrating the necessity of performing systematic diagnosis and monitoring of the cattle regarding their reproductive efficiency, in addition to the implementation of prophylactic and control measures.  KEY WORDS: Cattle, epidemiologic aspects, indirect immunofluorescence, Neospora cani

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os fatores de riscos associados à infecção pelo Neospora caninum em matrizes bovinas leiteiras no Estado de Pernambuco. Colheram-se 469 amostras de sangue, distribuídas em vinte propriedades. A técnica utilizada para detecção de anticorpos contra N. caninum foi a imunofluorescência indireta (IFI). Durante a colheita das amostras, aplicaram-se questionários investigativos. Das amostras testadas, 31,7% (163/469) foram reagentes para N. caninum, distribuídas em dezessete (85,0%) propriedades. Observou-se associação significativa com todos aqueles relacionados ao manejo higiênico-sanitário como assistência veterinária (p = 0,011); estado nutricional (p = 0,031); presença de instalações alagadiças (p 0,001); manuseio do feto (p 0,001); destino das vacas que abortaram (p = 0,004) e com alguns fatores relacionados aos distúrbios reprodutivos como histórico de aborto (p= 0,042) e época do aborto (p = 0,014). Esses achados registram a primeira ocorrência da infecção pelo N. caninum em matrizes bovinas leiteiras no Estado de Pernambuco, indicando-se a necessidade da realização do diagnóstico sistemático e monitoramento dos rebanhos quanto à eficiência reprodutiva, além da implantação de medidas de controle e profilaxia. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Aspectos epidemiológicos, imunofluorescência indireta, bovinos, Neospora caninum.

Associação entre distúrbios reprodutivos e anticorpos anti-Brucella sp em cães atendidos em clínicas particulares da cidade de Maceió-AL

Objetivou-se com este estudo determinar a freqüência de aglutininas anti-B. canis e Brucella abortus, além de identificarpossíveis fatores de riscos associados à infecção em cães atendidos nas clínicas veterinárias da Cidade de Maceió, Alagoas.Foram utilizados 90 animais, sendo 28 machos e 62 fêmeas de diferentes raças e faixa etária variável. Para pesquisa deaglutininas anti-Brucella canis utilizaram-se as provas de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA) e imunodifusão com 2-mercaptoetanol (IDGA/2-ME) e para pesquisa de aglutininas anti-Brucella abortus utilizou-se o teste do Antígeno Acidificado(AAT). Dos 90 animais analisados quatro (4,4%) foram positivos no IDGA, dos quais três (75,0%) foram positivos ao IDGA/2-ME, enquanto um (25,0%) foi negativo. Ao teste do AAT nenhum animal foi soro-reagente. A análise de concordância entre ostestes utilizados foi K=0,851. Não foi observada associação significativa para as variáveis faixa etária (p=0,426) e sexo (p=0,678)e apenas a variável raça apresentou associação significativa para infecção por Brucella canis com resultado do odds ratio 0,04(p=0,025; IC 95% 0,00; 1,01). Os resultados obtidos neste estudo demonstram que a infecção por Brucella canis ocorre naCidade de Maceió-AL e que medidas de controle e profilaxia devem ser empregadas para evitar a disseminação do agentepara criatórios livres da doença.

Outbreak of colisepticemia in commercial layers in chicken farms in Pernambuco / Surto de colisepticemia em poedeiras comerciais provenientes de granjas do estado de Pernambuco

The objective of this study was to record the occurrence of various outbreaks of coli septicemia in commercial layers in chicken farms in Pernambuco. The clinical symptoms shown were apathy, cyanotic comb and swollen head. Necropsy findings were the formation of caseous bodies in the ovary together with fracturing of the follicle into the peritoneal cavity provoking fibrinous peritonitis and eggs, with soft shells, loose in the cavity. The liver, air sacks and kidneys showed suggestive alterations of septicemia. Fragments of damaged organs were cultured in Levine agar and 5 pure samples of Escherichia coli were isolated and invasion tested. For the evaluation of the invasion test the samples were seeded in MacConkey agar with the addition of Congo Red. For the in vivo pathogenicity test, the samples positive to Congo Red were inoculated into the air sacks of day-old chicks. The outbreaks of colisepticemia observed on the various commercial egg producing farms in Pernambuco were caused by invasive samples of Escherichia coli. This was characterized by the clinical findings, pathology and laboratory tests. Due to the heavy losses in the properties in the study and the resistance of the isolated samples to antibiotics commonly used in the avian industry that the adoption of strict sanitary and hygienic methods is recommended and should be followed by the control of the disease and

Objetivou-se com este estudo relatar a ocorrência de vários surtos de coliseptice-mia em poedeiras comerciais provenientes de granjas do Estado de Pernambuco. Os sintomas clínicos apresentados pelas aves foram: apatia, cristas cianóticas e cabeça inchada. À necropsia observou-se formação de massa caseosa no ovário com rompimento folicular para a cavidade peritoneal provocando um quadro de peritonite fibrinosa, ocorrendo ainda ovos de casca fina soltos na cavidade. O fíga-do, sacos aéreos e rins apresentavam alterações sugestivas de septicemia. Os fragmentos dos órgãos lesados foram cultivados em ágar Levine, isolando-se cinco amostras puras de Escherichia coli que foram submetidas ao teste de invasibilidade. Para a avaliação da invasibilidade, as amostras foram semeadas em ágar MacConkey acrescido de Vermelho Congo. Para o teste de patogenicidade in vivo, as amostras positivas ao Vermelho Congo foram inoculadas no saco aéreo de pintos com 1 dia de idade. Os surtos de colisepticemia observados em várias granjas de postura comercial no Estado de Pernambuco foram causados por amostras invasivas de Escherichia coli caracterizadas pelos achados clínicos, anátomo-patológicos e testes laboratoriais. Devido a grande perda gerada nas propriedades estudadas, e a resistência das amostras isoladas frente aos antibióticos comumente utilizados na avicultura industrial, recomenda-se a adoção