ABSTRACT
On 1 September 1958, Prof. Dr. med. Hans-Dieter Marquardt was appointed chief physician of the largest urological hospital in Germany in terms of beds at the time. As the head of the clinic from 1958 until 1983; his skills and guidance were paramount for the smooth transition from a municipal hospital to a urological department of the University of Ulm; under his direction, the clinic developed into a well-known training center with special expertise in transurethral prostate surgery and a regionally and nationally important center for patient care. Professor Marquardt was a gifted physician and surgeon. He can be ranked as one of the pioneers in the field of endoscopic prostate surgery.
Subject(s)
Physicians , Universities , Germany , History, 20th Century , Hospitals , Hospitals, Municipal , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the activities of the I.G. Farben laboratory at the former "Heil- und Pflegeanstalt" Günzburg. This laboratory was established to test the newly developed epilepsy drug "Citrullamon" and its derivatives. Specifically, the type and manner of the various experiments were examined to determine whether the suspicions of unethical human experimentation could be identified. The commercial and medical activities between I.G. Farben and the Heil- und Pflegeanstalt, including the specific roles of the senior physician Wilhelm Leinisch and the I.G. Farben chemist Arno Grosse, are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/history , Drug Industry/history , Epilepsy/history , Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , National Socialism/history , Therapeutic Human Experimentation/history , Biomedical Research/history , Concentration Camps/history , Germany , History, 20th Century , Humans , Laboratories, Hospital/historyABSTRACT
This paper illustrates the progress of internal and external changes in the practice of medicine in the municipality of Ulm, taking as a starting point the "Reformatio und Ordnung eines E. Raths" of 1588 for the establishment of a Collegium Medicum. It highlights the growing authority of academically educated municipal physicians, and, perhaps not coincidentally, a growing consensus among these physicians on the threat posted by "bad" medicine (that is, fraud, quackery). When the Collegium Medicum was established, it benefited its members medical practices through legal and social policies as part of the macro-development of public hygiene and contributed substantially to the establishment of a medical elite.
Subject(s)
Congresses as Topic/history , Education, Medical, Continuing/history , Health Care Reform/history , Public Health/history , Universities/history , Germany , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th CenturyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In the context of the national socialist "Aktion-T4" approximately 70,000 people with mental illness and mental handicap in Germany were killed. The "Heil- und Pflegeanstalt" (mental hospital) Günzburg was a so-called Bavarian "Sammelanstalt" during this period. METHODS: The data evaluation is based on patient documents and annual reports of the archives of today's district hospital Günzburg and patient documents of content R 179 of the branch office of the federal archives in Berlin / Lichterfelde. Patient records were analysed with respect to the presence of ten variables considered relevant for selection. RESULTS: Between January 1940 and August 1941 394 patients from Günzburg were displaced to killing facilities of "Aktion-T4" and killed. Age, diagnosis, hospitalisation-time, ability to work, social behavior of the patients and Jewish origin were found to be criteria relevant for selection. CONCLUSIONS: This study was able to show the participation of the Günzburg mental hospital in the implementation of "Aktion-T4". However, only few sources regarding the attitudes and actions of hospital medical staff were identified. This question remains the subject of further historical research.
