[Moodle, a credible alternative pedagogy for teaching medicine in a tropical environment to address large numbers and pandemic situations?] / Moodle, une pédagogie alternative crédible d'enseignement de la médecine en milieu tropical pour répondre aux grands nombres et aux situations de pandémie?

Introduction: Moodle is an interactive online education platform, a true virtual amphitheater, breaking down geographical and space barriers, capable of offering continuous education even in times of war or pandemic. Aim: To show the possible contribution of Moodle in the teaching of medicine in tropical environments to respond to large numbers and pandemic situations. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional and descriptive survey. It was conducted in June 2019 at Joseph KI-ZERBO University of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso. It consisted of a questionnaire submitted to Master 1 students of medicine and to their teachers. The survey focused on the solutions that students would propose to improve their learning conditions, the role that Moodle could play in improving their learning, as well as the prerequisites to be resolved before adopting Moodle. The respondent rate was 75.6% of the entire promotion. Results: For students Moodle is a good alternative to conventional education. However, prerequisites must be fulfilled such as the donation of computer to each student (90.3%), the availability of a good connection for all (96%), their training prior to the use of Moodle. Students found no harm in their online assessment via Moodle provided it was reliable and verifiable when needed. Teachers in 38% wanted teaching to remain traditional, face to face against 62% who advocated its abandonment in favor of new teaching methods like Moodle provided that the right conditions are in place. Conclusion: Moodle is a credible e-learning that can facilitate the management of large numbers and ensure the continuity of lessons learned in a pandemic situation despite the need for containment. However, it must be a mastered technique, applied on prepared ground.

Etiological, therapeutic and prognostic particularities of primary biliary peritonitis in tropical environments.

To describe the etiological, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of primary biliary peritonitis in Burkina Faso. This retrospective study reviewed records of all patients admitted for primary biliary peritonitis at Tenkodogo Regional Hospital (Burkina Faso) from 2010 through 2016. Cases of secondary biliary peritonitis have been excluded. Thirty patients were identified. Their average age was 26.5 years. Fourteen patients were under 12 years of age. The reasons for consultation were dominated by abdominal pain (in all cases) and bile-induced vomiting (in 22 cases). Seven patients had a general condition classified in stage 2 of the World Health Organization classification, 18 in stage 3, and 5 in stage 4. The etiologies of peritonitis were acute typhoidal cholecystitis, which predominated (27 cases), and gallstones (3 cases). The surgical approach was a laparotomy in all cases. Intraoperative observation showed an inflamed and perforated gallbladder in 24 cases; gangrene was noted in 6 cases. Treatment consisted of cholecystectomy and peritoneal lavage, associated with antibiotic therapy. The post-operative period was complicated by septicemia in 12 cases. Fourteen patients died, for a mortality rate of 46.7 %. In rural Burkina Faso, primary biliary peritonitis occurs in young subjects. Its cause is most often acute cholecystitis due to Salmonella typhi. Mortality is very high.

So-called "historical" necrotic breast cancers: a terrifying actuality in Africa. The case of Burkina Faso.

Study the epidemiological, diagnostic, and treatment features and outcomes of necrotic breast cancer in women. This observational, longitudinal, and descriptive study covered the period from January, 2011, to the end of May, 2016 at the Surgery and Gynecology Departments of Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital and Schiphra Medical Center. The study included all women with necrotic breast cancers. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan Meier method and survival comparison was possible with the log-rank method. À risk of error of 0.05 was allowed. Necrotic cancer accounted for 9.1% of all breast cancers. The median age of the patients was 46 years old. The median interval before consultation was 12.4 months. The histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma in 90.8% of cases. Surgery was performed in 51 patients (52%). It was a palliative (cleaning) procedure in 92.2% of cases. Chemotherapy was performed in 28 patients. Overall survival was 61.8% at 6 months, 39.5% at 1 year, and 9.2% at 3 years. Median survival was 10 months: 13 months for women with surgery and 6 months for those without it (p<0.001). Necrotic breast cancer is still common in Ouagadougou. Surgery is the mainstay of the treatment. Survival is mediocre. It therefore seems urgent to focus on raising population awareness and organizing screening campaigns.