ABSTRACT
A 2.3-centimorgan (cM) segment of rice chromosome 11 consisting of 340 kb of DNA sequence around the alcohol dehydrogenase Adh1 and Adh2 loci was completely sequenced, revealing the presence of 33 putative genes, including several apparently involved in disease resistance. Fourteen of the genes were confirmed by identifying the corresponding transcripts. Five genes, spanning 1.9 cM of the region, cross-hybridized with maize genomic DNA and were genetically mapped in maize, revealing a stretch of colinearity with maize chromosome 4. The Adh1 gene marked one significant interruption. This gene mapped to maize chromosome 1, indicating a possible translocation of Adh1 after the evolutionary divergence leading to maize and sorghum. Several other genes, most notably genes similar to known disease resistance genes, showed no cross-hybridization with maize genomic DNA, suggesting sequence divergence or absence of these sequences in maize, which is in contrast to several other well-conserved genes, including Adh1 and Adh2. These findings indicate that the use of rice as the model system for other cereals may sometimes be complicated by the presence of rapidly evolving gene families and microtranslocations. Seven retrotransposons and eight transposons were identified in this rice segment, including a Tc1/Mariner-like element, which is new to rice. In contrast to maize, retroelements are less frequent in rice. Only 14.4% of this genome segment consist of retroelements. Miniature inverted repeat transposable elements were found to be the most frequently occurring class of repetitive elements, accounting for 18.8% of the total repetitive DNA.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Dehydrogenase/genetics , DNA, Plant/genetics , Oryza/genetics , Zea mays/genetics , Chromosome Mapping , Contig Mapping , DNA Probes , DNA, Plant/chemistry , Genes, Plant/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Controversy surrounds the management of multicystic dysplastic kidneys. This report of a renal cell carcinoma originating in a multicystic kidney lends support to elective removal of these kidneys.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/complications , Kidney Neoplasms/complications , Kidney/abnormalities , Polycystic Kidney Diseases/complications , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Adult , Female , Humans , Kidney/pathology , Kidney Neoplasms/pathology , Polycystic Kidney Diseases/pathologyABSTRACT
A technique for localizing nonpalpable lesions of the breast using methylene blue dye is described. This technique is recommended for its accuracy, patient acceptance, and reduction in size of the biopsy specimen.
