ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to assess the expression of selected adhesion molecules on mononuclear cells of peripheral blood and lymphocyte subpopulations in children with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 14 children with IgAN and 20 healthy controls were included in the study. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of such adhesion molecules as L selectin (CD62L), VLA-4 integrin (CD49d), intracellular molecule ICAM-1 (CD54) and cytotoxic lymphocyte molecule CTLA-4 (CD152), as well as the lymphocyte antigens: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD1656 (NK), CD4 and CD8 RO+ and RA+. RESULTS: The findings revealed that the expression of the adhesion molecules VLA-4 and CTLA-4 did not differ from that of the healthy controls (p > 0.05). However, the expression of CD62L (L-selectin) was increased (p < 0.05). The expression of ICAM-1 was reduced, but not significantly, compared to the control group (p > 0.05). We found a decrease in the expression of NK cells (CD1656) and CD4/CD8 ratio, and an increase in CD8 cells (p < 0.05). In the group of 9/14 children, with proteinuria over 1.0 g/24 hours, a decreased expression of CD4 was additionally found (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The children with IgAN show: 1. Changes in peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations involving an increase in CD8 cells and a decrease in CD1656(NK) cells, a reduction in the CD4/CD8 ratio, and additionally in cases with proteinuria a reduction in CD4 cell count, 2. Increased expression of L-selectin (CD62L) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Subject(s)
Cell Adhesion Molecules/blood , Glomerulonephritis, IGA/blood , Lymphocyte Subsets , Adolescent , Antigens, CD , Antigens, CD19/blood , Antigens, Differentiation/blood , CD3 Complex/blood , CD4 Antigens/blood , CD4-CD8 Ratio , CD56 Antigen/blood , CD8 Antigens/blood , CTLA-4 Antigen , Case-Control Studies , Child , Female , Gene Expression , Humans , Integrin alpha4beta1/blood , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/blood , L-Selectin/blood , Male , Receptors, IgG/bloodABSTRACT
The main lymphocytes' subpopulations of peripheral blood in 21 children (mean age--9.8 +/- 3.3 y) with permanent proteinuria and haematuria, 11 with IgA nephropathy (IgA) and 10 with nephropathy in course of Schonlein-Henoch purpura (Sch-H) during intensification of symptoms were assessed on flow cytometer f. Coultier, using monoclonal antibodies. The control group consisted of 21 healthy children at the same age. The results showed decreased percentage of CD4 and increased percentage of CD8 with decreased CD4/CD8 ratio in both groups of examined children. In most cases also increased percentage of B lymphocytes (CD19) were noticed and especially in children from N IgA group increased concentration of immunoglobulin A in serum. Only in some patients increased percentage of natural cytotoxic cells NK were noticed. The results were similar either in N IgA or Sch-H groups.
Subject(s)
Glomerulonephritis, IGA/immunology , IgA Vasculitis/immunology , Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology , Adolescent , B-Lymphocytes/immunology , CD4-CD8 Ratio , Child , Humans , Immunoglobulin A/blood , Lymphocyte CountABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The aim of our work was to assess the course of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) in children according to the way of preceding respiratory tract infection treatment. The examinations were carried out in a group of 26 children aged 5-15 years, who were divided into two subgroups: I--12 children, who did not receive antibacterial treatment, and II--14 children who were shortly treated with different antibiotics (3-5 days). All the children had full symptomatic picture of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis with haematuria, oedemas, hypertension and hypocomplementemia. The etiology was diagnosed retrospectively during observation of ASO titer dynamics and additionally in 18 after finding pathogenic Streptococcus strains in pharyngeal swab. The differences in the course of illness was shown only during first weeks. In children from the group I the course of acute APSGN was a little more serious, because haematuria, proteinuria and hypertension were observed longer. Symptoms of nephrotic syndrome were observed in two children, acute renal insufficiency in two children, and one with hypertensive encephalopathy. After 3 and 12 months no children had pathological signs. Erythrocyturia was observed in 19 of 26 children after 3 months and in 10 of 26 children after 12 months after illness with similar frequency in both groups. In 5 children with proteinuria renal biopsy showed mesangialis proliferative glomerulonephritis--1st degree. CONCLUSION: All observed children with APSGN were not cured properly during the respiratory tract infection preceding the disease, however even short antibacterial treatment caused the moderation of symptoms.
Subject(s)
Glomerulonephritis/classification , Glomerulonephritis/etiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/complications , Streptococcal Infections/complications , Adolescent , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Disease Progression , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Nephrotic Syndrome/etiology , Prognosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapyABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The aim of this work was to discuss the results of percutaneous renal biopsy under control of ultrasound, using automated needle. 110 specimen in 55 children aged 3-18 years were obtained. Adequate biopsy was obtained in 53 children. Only in 26% of children the number of glomeruli in each specimen was below 8. The most frequent complication was microscopic haematuria, lasted 1-3 days, which was shown in 70.9% of children. Perirenal haematoma smaller than 2 cm was observed in about 12% of children and pain during the first day after biopsy in 20% of examined children. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous renal biopsy using automated biopsy needle under control of ultrasound is safe and efficient method, which is used for definitive diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Kidney/pathology , Nephrotic Syndrome/diagnostic imaging , Nephrotic Syndrome/pathology , Adolescent , Biopsy, Needle/adverse effects , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hematoma/etiology , Hematuria/etiology , Humans , Kidney Diseases/etiology , Male , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
A favourable effect was achieved of treatment with salazopyrin of severe abdominal of Schoenlein-Henoch disease (SH). Salazopyrin was used in two children with generalized form of SH, with paroxysmal abdominal pain and bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , IgA Vasculitis/drug therapy , Sulfasalazine/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Child , Female , Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Two children are presented with congenital anomalies of the cervical spine and associated malformations of the nervous and urinary systems. The attention is paid to the usefulness of the cervical spine assessment in children in cases of recurrent cerebellar manifestations of unclear aetiology or combined malformations of the urinary system.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Cervical Vertebrae/abnormalities , Central Nervous System/abnormalities , Child , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Urinary Tract/abnormalitiesABSTRACT
The total activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and its isoenzymes A and B was determined in the urine of 18 children aged 9-18 years with essential hypertension and 21 with nephrogenic hypertension. The results were compared with those in a control group of 30 healthy children. The obtained results show that in children with stabilized hypertension (above the 95 centile) of essential type the proportion (above the 95 centile) of essential type the proportion of urinary isoenzymes are changes, with higher activity of the B isoenzyme. On the other hand, in children with nephrogenic hypertension the total activity and the activity of the B isoenzyme are increased. After reduction of blood pressure following hypotensive treatment (below the 90th centile) the activity of NAG and its isoenzymes was again normal in essential hypertension and was much reduced in nephrogenic hypertension. The study demonstrated that hypertension leads to transient damage to the proximal tubules which is reversed by effective hypotensive treatment.
Subject(s)
Acetylglucosaminidase/urine , Hypertension/enzymology , Isoenzymes/urine , Adolescent , Child , Humans , Hypertension/urine , Hypertension, Renal/enzymology , Hypertension, Renal/etiology , Hypertension, Renal/urine , Kidney Diseases/complicationsABSTRACT
A 6 boy is described treated for two months for pneumonia. In view of absent improvement the diagnosis was verified and malignant tumour was recognized. Radiological examination and clinical observation showed presence of a tumour in the 4th rib with pulmonary metastases. Histological examination of a biopsy specimen from the rib demonstrated primary microcellular Ewing's sarcoma. Of importance are: the age of the patient, rarely described location and diagnostic difficulties in the initial stage of the disease.
Subject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Ribs/pathology , Sarcoma, Ewing/diagnosis , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Child , Diagnostic Errors , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Male , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Ewing/pathologyABSTRACT
Ceftazidime (Fortum-Glaxo) was administrated to 19 children with urinary tract infections and to 21 children with pneumonia. Clinical symptoms of the infections resolved in 17 children (89%) with the urinary tract infections treated with ceftazidime within 4 days. The remaining children (11%) recovered after 7 days of therapy. Clinical symptoms of pneumonia resolved in 19 children (90%) within 7 days of the treatment. A significant improvement was achieved in the remaining 2 children after 10 days of the treatment.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Ceftazidime/therapeutic use , Pneumonia/drug therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Clinical Trials as Topic , Humans , InfantABSTRACT
The spontaneous nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test was done in children with nephrotic syndrome treated with prednisone and with secondary bacterial infections and in children with urinary tract infections not treated with prednisone. In healthy children 9.0 +/- 1.3% of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in peripheral blood showed presence of deposits in the NBT test. In children not treated with prednisone the number of NBT (+) leucocytes was increased over fourfold. The value of the NBT test was highest at the beginning of the disease. In children treated with prednisone the value of the NBT test increased slowly. The highest results were obtained in the second week of infection treatment. In relation to controls the proportion of NBT (+) test in peripheral blood was increased threefold.
