Fall-Related Facial Trauma: A Retrospective Review of Fracture Patterns and Medical Comorbidity.

PURPOSE: Medical comorbidities may contribute to falls and thus require identification for education and prevention. We hypothesized that the epidemiology and injuries seen will be similar to the literature, with most falls that result in injury occurring in the elderly, to prominent facial structures, and are associated with specific comorbidities. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of patients evaluated by the Trauma and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery services after sustaining traumatic facial injury from July 2015 to June 2016 as a result of a fall. Associations between injury patterns, previous falls, and medical comorbidities were analyzed, and descriptive and bivariate statistics were reported. RESULTS: Of 152 patients included, 53.3% were females with a mean age of 61.2 years. Soft tissue laceration was seen in 59.9% of patients. The 3 most common fracture patterns seen were nasal fracture in 30.9%, orbital fracture in 30.3%, and zygoma fracture in 20.4%. Cardiovascular disease (53.3%) was the most common comorbidity. No major comorbidity was seen in 32.9% of patients. There was a significant association between orbital fracture and neurologic disease (P = .04). Patients with neurologic disease had a significantly longer length of stay (P < .001), and those without any major comorbidities had a significantly shorter length of stay (P = .02). Patients with previous emergency department visits for falls were significantly older (P = .03), had more comorbidities (P = .005), and were more likely to have cardiovascular disease and associated comorbidities (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: The results are consistent with the literature, with the most fall-related trauma occurring in the elderly with injury to prominent facial structures. The most common comorbidity was cardiovascular disease, which was associated with previous falls. There is a significant association between neurologic disease and orbital fractures. Future studies should focus on recurrent falls after receiving appropriate education to reduce risk based on their specific comorbidities.

Two-stage Reconstruction of the Scalp with Facial AV Loop.

We present the case of a 65-year-old woman with extensive osteoradionecrosis of the scalp and calvaria after external beam radiation therapy for follicular lymphoma. Due to the compromise of her adjacent vasculature including the superficial temporal vessels, she underwent two-stage reconstruction with the creation of an AVL (arteriovenous loop) graft utilizing her great saphenous vein. This was anastomosed to her right facial artery and vein, which was then matured. She underwent resection of the necrotic portions of calvaria and soft tissue of approximately 180 cm2, and a vascularized free latissimus dorsi muscle flap was harvested and anastomosed to her new conduit. This free muscle flap was then covered with a split-thickness skin graft harvested from her thigh. She achieved satisfactory functional and cosmetic results with minimal morbidity and without complication despite her age, multiple co-morbidities, and extensive and complex disease process.

Are Tracheotomies Required for Patients Undergoing Composite Mandibular Resections for Oral Cancer?

PURPOSE: Prophylactic tracheotomy has traditionally been performed during composite mandibular resection of oral cavity cancer to avoid postoperative airway compromise. The purpose of the present study was to measure the frequency and identify the factors associated with an increased or a decreased risk of an adverse airway event (AAE) within 30 days postoperatively. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients who had undergone composite mandibular resection for oral cancer from 2006 to 2018 was conducted at the University of Tennessee Medical Center. The primary predictor variable was composite resection with or without immediate flap reconstruction. The primary outcome variable was realization of a 30-day AAE, defined as the requirement for tracheotomy for any reason, emergent endotracheal reintubation at any time during the postoperative admission, or prolonged (>48 hours) postoperative endotracheal intubation. The secondary outcome variable was the inpatient length of stay. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were used to compare the patients with and without an AAE for demographic, confounding, and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 114 patients were identified through retrospective medical record review. The prevalence of AAEs in the sample was 8.8% (10 of 114). None of the 49 patients without immediate flap reconstruction developed an AAE. Of the 65 patients who had undergone flap reconstruction, 10 (15.4%) developed an AAE. The χ2 analysis revealed a significantly greater rate of AAEs when flap reconstruction was implemented (P < .05). Also, a significantly greater rate of AAEs was found in the group requiring resection of the floor of the mouth with bilateral neck dissections and immediate flap reconstruction compared with all other flap reconstruction groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: A composite resection involving the floor of the mouth with bilateral neck dissection and flap reconstruction should receive strong consideration for prophylactic tracheotomy to avoid an AAE.