ABSTRACT
Two independent outbreaks of ectromelia in mice occurred in The Netherlands. In both cases, the causative virus was isolated and identified as ectromelia virus on the basis of serology, demonstration of antigen by indirect immunofluorescence, negative contrast electron microscopy, morphology of lesions on chorioallantoic membranes of embryonated chicken eggs, and cytopathogenicity for mouse cells. Inoculation of the virus into the dermis of rabbits demonstrated a low virulence for this species.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Ectromelia, Infectious/epidemiology , Poxviridae Infections/epidemiology , Poxviridae Infections/veterinary , Rodent Diseases/epidemiology , Animals , Chick Embryo , Ectromelia virus/isolation & purification , Mice , Netherlands , RabbitsABSTRACT
After a brief review of the present knowledge about canine viral enteritis, the role played by parvoviral, coronaviral and rotaviral infections in contagious diarrhoea in dogs in the Netherlands is discussed. For this purpose a serologic survey, pathologic findings in dogs, and the demonstration of parvoviral antigen with an immunofluorescence test and with a newly developed haemadsorption-elution-haemagglutination assay (HEHA) are presented. It is concluded that infections with canine parvovirus, coronavirus and rotavirus appear widespread among dog populations in the Netherlands.
Subject(s)
Enteritis/veterinary , Reoviridae Infections/veterinary , Animals , Antigens, Viral/isolation & purification , Coronaviridae/immunology , Coronaviridae Infections/veterinary , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Dogs , Enteritis/etiology , Enteritis/microbiology , Netherlands , Parvoviridae/immunology , Reoviridae Infections/microbiology , Rotavirus/immunologyABSTRACT
Summary After a brief review of the present knowledge about canine viral enteritis, the role played by parvoviral, coronaviral and rotaviral infections in contagious diarrhoea in dogs in the Netherlands is discussed. For this purpose a serologic survey, pathologic findings in dogs, and the demonstration of parvoviral antigen with an immunofluorescence test and with a newly developed haemadsorption-elution-haemagglutination assay (HEHA) are presented. It is concluded that infections with canine parvovirus, coronavirus and rotavirus appear widespread among dog populations in the Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
When Aujeszky's disease was detected on a large pig-breeding farm, all normal sows and boars were vaccinated with an ethyl-ethylene-imine (EEI) vaccine produced in the Bundesforschungsanstalt für Viruskrankheiten der Tiere (Federal Research Institute for Viruses Diseases in Animals) in Tübbingen, Western Germany. The vaccine contained DEAE dextran as an adjuvant. The vaccine was inoculated twice by intramuscular route at a three weeks' interval, 5 ml. being inoculated at one time. Hyperimmune serum was inoculated in young pigs. In addition, hygienic procedures were adopted, consisting in disinfection and isolation. The disease was successfully controlled within eight weeks. Sows which developed Aujeszky's disease showed hardly any symptoms suggesting lesions of the central nervous system. Pulmonary lesions were the outstanding clinical feature. The semen quality of the affected male swine had markedly deteriorated. This was resorted to normal, however, within from five to ten weeks. The incidence of abortion and piglet mortality were low. In view of the results of virological and serological studies, it was concluded that the persistence of this strain of virus (causing Aujeszky's disease) was very slight.
Subject(s)
Herpesviridae/immunology , Herpesvirus 1, Suid/immunology , Pseudorabies/prevention & control , Swine Diseases/prevention & control , Viral Vaccines/therapeutic use , Animals , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Female , Hygiene , Male , Netherlands , Pregnancy , Pseudorabies/epidemiology , Swine , Swine Diseases/epidemiologySubject(s)
Cattle Diseases/prevention & control , Herpesviridae/immunology , Herpesvirus 1, Suid/immunology , Pseudorabies/prevention & control , Vaccination/veterinary , Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage , Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Cattle , Drug Evaluation/veterinary , Immunization, Secondary/veterinary , Neutralization Tests , Time Factors , Viral Vaccines/immunologyABSTRACT
The epizootiology of transmissible gastro-enteritis (TGE) of swine in 1975 and 1976 in the Netherlands was studied. Diagnosis was made by the direct fluorescent antibody technique (FAT). Specimens from the small intestine of suspected animals were examined for this purpose. The results obtained by the direct FAT were proved to be reliable, if the specimens were derived from acutely sick animals and examination could be carried out as soon as possible. The results confirmed that TGE occured in any season of the year. The peaks of epizootic outbreaks were in the spring and winter of those years.
Subject(s)
Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine/diagnosis , Animals , Antigens, Viral/analysis , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Jejunum/pathology , Netherlands , Swine , Transmissible gastroenteritis virus/immunologyABSTRACT
A microneutralisation test and an indirect fluorescent antibody technique for the detection of antibodies to Aujeszky-virus in pig sera are described. All the sera were tested with both techniques and the results were compared. Serum dilutions of less than 1:32 which produced a positive reaction in the indirect FAT were considered nonspecific. Bij contrast, all neutralising antibody titers of less than 1:8 gave nonspecific reactions in the indirect FAT.
