ABSTRACT
Eighty-six patients completed a questionnaire about what they expected from a pre-operative visit by an anaesthesiologist. Ninety-one per cent of the patients wanted a detailed and informative conversation. The patient's previous knowledge stemmed primarily from lay sources, such as other patients and visitors. Age and marital status influenced the extent of the patient's previous knowledge.
Subject(s)
Anesthesiology , Communication , Physician-Patient Relations , Preoperative Care , Adult , Anesthetics , Attitude , Female , Health Education , Humans , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Male , Middle Aged , Preanesthetic MedicationSubject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Labor, Obstetric/psychology , Patient Education as Topic , Prenatal Care , Adult , Female , Humans , Marriage , Personality Inventory , PregnancyABSTRACT
The aim of adequate preoperative medication is to minimize the patient's anxiety level. Preoperative anxiety can be consciously and specifically orientated or it can be masked. This double-blind study was performed to evaluate the effects of an anxiolytic drug in comparison with a placebo perioperatively and to assess the post-operative course of the important factors anxiety, depression and asthenia. The Mannheim inventory for subjective state and STAI (State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory) were offered. The study was undertaken in 60 female patients, who were operated for suspected carcinoma of the breast. We conclude that in such a specific group of patients extensive preoperative psychological preparation must be backed up by the administration of an anxiolytic drug.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Anxiety/psychology , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Mastectomy, Radical/psychology , Mastectomy, Segmental/psychology , Sick Role , Adult , Breast Neoplasms/psychology , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Oxazepam/administration & dosage , Patient Education as Topic/methods , Personality Tests , Preanesthetic Medication , Preoperative Care/methodsABSTRACT
The influence of the experienced parental rearing behavior has been researched through a questionnaire given to 81 juvenile diabeticians and 35 non-diabeticians, age 11-15. Taking the body development into consideration, no statistically significant connection can be found between the rearing behavior and the quality of the metabolic control. Girls experience their mothers as being more strict than boys do, regardless of whether they are diabeticians or not.
Subject(s)
Child Rearing , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Personality Development , Sick Role , Adolescent , Child , Female , Gender Identity , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Sixty women were asked to fill in questionnaires about their subjective feelings of anxiety when undergoing mammary operations. Every operation puts the patient under emotional stress, whereas anxiety is mainly caused by anaesthesia, operation and rehabilitation. It was possible to show that oxazepam has a significant effect in view of the reduction of the anxiety factor. The largest emotional stress is very obvious 2 hours before introducing anaesthesia when no placebo was administered in the premedication. Our patients showed the lowest degree of anxiety on the third postoperative day. In spite of pharmacological premedication it will always remain the task of the anaesthetist during his preoperative round to pay attention to the psychological situation of the patient especially with regard to anxiety.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/prevention & control , Breast/surgery , Oxazepam/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Random AllocationABSTRACT
Amnesia for unpleasant experiences in the immediate preoperative period, reduction of anxiety, and sedation are the major goals of premedication. The purpose of this randomized double-blind study was to evaluate the anxiolytic effects of the benzodiazepine oxazepam. Following approval by the ethics commission and informed consent, 60 ASA class I and II female patients undergoing surgical treatment of radiologically evaluated breast lesions were studied prospectively using the Mannheim protocol for subjective feeling (MESB) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to evaluate intensity levels of preoperative anxiety. During a preoperative visit patients were informed about the management of the study: they were asked to report their subjective feelings preoperatively and immediately before induction. Either oxazepam 30 mg or placebo was administered orally in a double-blind manner 90 min before induction. Preoperative anxiety levels were high in both groups. Following administration of the drug, anxiety-intensity decreased significantly on the MESB and STAI. Oxazepam is a useful oral premedicant for providing effective anxiolysis in the immediate perioperative period compared to placebo. The Mannheim protocol for subjective feeling seems to be a better scoring system for evaluating perioperative anxiety as compared to the STAI. It consists of criteria with which the patients can identify themselves during the perioperative phase.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/drug therapy , Oxazepam/therapeutic use , Preanesthetic Medication , Adult , Breast/surgery , Clinical Trials as Topic , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Personality InventoryABSTRACT
The necessity and importance of the doctor-patient conversation during the treatment of the adolescent diabetic is being indicated through one example. The therapeutic measures may not orient themselves toward explicitly objective information. For the quality of the metabolic state, psychological problems and conflicts are important as well, meaning that an ear must be lent to the emotional content of the objective information.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy , Physician-Patient Relations , Referral and Consultation , Child , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/psychology , Humans , Patient Compliance , Sick RoleABSTRACT
With physically seriously handicapped patients very often vital functions break down or threaten to break down so that they have to be in intensive care units. They need an elaborate therapy and care that is primarily determined by technical monitoring. The severe illness, the situation of the in-patient treatment and the patients' personality determine the psychotherapy. Behavioral strategies are effective for the reduction of unwanted behavior patterns and the condition of desired behavior patterns. The systematic desensibilization to disaccustom to an apparatus once vital to the patient, the psychological-behavior directed approach in the research of depression as well as several conditioning methods for the organization of operant behavior patterns are to be mentioned here.
Subject(s)
Behavior Therapy/methods , Critical Care/psychology , Sick Role , Adaptation, Psychological , Conditioning, Operant , Depressive Disorder/therapy , Humans , Referral and ConsultationABSTRACT
The establishment of intensive care units has brought about increasing psychological problems not only for the patients and their relatives, but also for the personnel involved. Following a brief presentation of these problems, various techniques of intervention are discussed from the point of view of medical psychology. A new model of patient care by laymen (i. e. students) is reported in addition to the psychotherapeutic tasks of the psychologist.
Subject(s)
Critical Care/psychology , Intensive Care Units , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Physician-Patient Relations , Visitors to Patients , WorkforceABSTRACT
A group of 36 boys and girls aged 9 to 16 suffering from diabetes mellitus was tested with a Children's Anxiety Scale. There are significant lower scores in the group of the children aged 9 to 12. No marked difference was found between the diabetic children aged 13 to 16 and the control group. Results are demonstrated in one diagram and discussed. The disease, the higher defense and the management-training are reducing the level of anxiety.
