ABSTRACT
In order to explore the possibility of a mutually exclusive relationship between schizophrenia and certain psychosomatic disorders, 354 adult schizophrenic patients, both acute and chronic, were studied with regard to lifetime prevalence of peptic ulcer, bronchial asthma, neurodermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Significant evidence to support the hypothesis of mutual exclusivity was found only in the case of peptic ulcer in the overall sample. Prevalence was higher in younger, more acute patients than in older, chronic patients, but this finding was difficult to interpret. Parallel enquiry into the prevalence of schizophrenia and the same disorders among close family members of the patients yielded inconclusive results.
Subject(s)
Psychophysiologic Disorders/epidemiology , Schizophrenic Psychology , Adult , Aged , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology , Asthma/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neurodermatitis/epidemiology , Peptic Ulcer/epidemiology , Psychophysiologic Disorders/genetics , Schizophrenia/complicationsABSTRACT
Two sets of overlapping questionnaires were distributed world-wide via college members to 200 psychiatrists and 200 physicians. 50% of psychiatrists (n = 101) and 30% of physicians (n = 63), replied, representing 25 countries. Areas surveyed include definitions of 'psychosomatics', physician-psychiatrist attitudes, liaison activities, teaching patterns and methods, and professional affiliation of respondents. Comparative statistical analysis of the two groups reveals significant response differences in certain conceptualizations of 'psychosomatics' and in the diagnostic distribution of referred patients. Cross-continental comparisons revealed greater acceptance of the term 'psychosomatics' by respondents from Asia, differences between North American and European conceptualizations, and a stronger attachment of the field in the Far East to academic departments of medicine as compared with the West.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical , Psychosomatic Medicine , Attitude to Health , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Humans , Organizational Affiliation , Physicians , Psychophysiologic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychosomatic Medicine/education , Referral and ConsultationABSTRACT
Sex sterotypes, clinical observations, and psychoanalytic theory of sex differences are presented. Stereotypes show differences in areas of inhibition and clinical observations, differences related to the phallic and genital phases in psychosexual development. Divergent analytical views on the sexual development of boys and girls are discussed.
Subject(s)
Psychoanalytic Theory , Psychoanalytic Therapy , Female , Gender Identity , Hostility , Humans , Inhibition, Psychological , Love , Male , Professional-Patient Relations , Psychosexual Development , Sex Factors , Transference, PsychologySubject(s)
Anthropology/history , Psychiatry/history , Attitude , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Culture , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Medieval , Hospitals, Psychiatric/history , Humans , Interprofessional Relations , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/prevention & control , Research , Social Change , Social ConditionsSubject(s)
Culture , Psychophysiologic Disorders , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Black People , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Child , Europe , Female , Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/mortality , Heart Diseases/epidemiology , Heart Diseases/mortality , Humans , Japan , Male , Middle Aged , Psychophysiologic Disorders/epidemiology , Residence Characteristics , Social Environment , South Africa , United StatesSubject(s)
Psychosomatic Medicine/history , Adrenal Glands/physiology , Conditioning, Classical , Europe , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , Humans , Hypothalamus/physiology , Limbic System/physiology , Neurophysiology , Norepinephrine/physiology , Object Attachment , Psychoanalytic Theory , Psychoanalytic Therapy , Psychophysiologic Disorders/drug therapy , Psychophysiologic Disorders/etiology , Psychophysiologic Disorders/therapy , Psychophysiology , Psychosexual Development , Research , Social Environment , Stress, Psychological , United StatesSubject(s)
Culture , Mental Disorders , Stress, Psychological , Anomie , Child Rearing , Demography , Dissociative Disorders , Fear , Humans , Magic , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Minority Groups , Personality , Psychosocial Deprivation , Role , Social Change , Social Values , TabooSubject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Psychoanalytic Therapy , Communism , Developing Countries , Freudian Theory , Humans , Mental Disorders/therapy , Psychiatry , Psychoanalysis/education , Psychoanalytic Theory , Psychoanalytic Therapy/methods , Societies, Medical , Surveys and Questionnaires , UniversitiesSubject(s)
Physician-Patient Relations , Physicians, Family , Psychiatry , Diagnosis , Education, Medical, Continuing , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Exploratory Behavior , Humans , Identification, Psychological , Interprofessional Relations , Narcissism , Psychiatry/education , Psychoanalytic Theory , Psychology , Referral and Consultation , Role , Sadism , Self Concept , Sick RoleABSTRACT
PIP: To determine which side effects of oral contraceptives are biologic and which are psychologic in origin, 70 women were interviewed for several hours. The women were private patients of a gynecologist or attending a family planning clinic and were proven fertile, without gynecologic illness or psychiatric history, and were taking various combined or sequential pills. When the women were classified into emotionally well-adjusted and maladjusted, the maladjusted group had more severe and numerous psychological side effects. Onset of side effects was associated with fear of cancer, pregnancy despite the pill, and fear of damage to the procreative system. Most common side effects were nausea, vomiting, breast swelling, weight gain, mood changes, anxiety, irritability and nervousness. Side effects, assumed to be psychologic because they occurred in the maladjusted group, included depression (45% of total), loss of libido, breast swelling. Weight gain was not associated with maladjustment.^ieng
