ABSTRACT
There are currently 25 known vertebrate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and 4 tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). This article reviews these proteases from an historical perspective in terms of who discovered each protein, when the sequence was established, when action on protein substrates was demonstrated, and what names have been used. A similar approach is taken for the TIMPS, and their multiple functions in addition to protease inhibition are emphasized. MMPs from invertebrates, plants, and bacteria are also discussed. This review is an outgrowth and update of a chapter by the same name originally published in Matrix Metalloproteinase Protocols, pp. 1-23, edited by I. M. Clark and published by Humana Press in 2001.
Subject(s)
Matrix Metalloproteinases/history , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/history , Animals , Enzyme Inhibitors , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Internet , Matrix Metalloproteinases/chemistry , Matrix Metalloproteinases/classification , Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics , Species Specificity , Substrate Specificity , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/chemistry , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/classification , Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/geneticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The assessment of relationship between pubocervical collagen content and clinical results of surgical treatment of genuine stress urinary incontinence (GSUI) in women. METHODS: Twenty-four women treated for genuine stress urinary incontinence were included into the study. All women underwent the same surgical procedure. The samples of pubocervical fascia were taken at the time of surgery. The contents of acid soluble, pepsin soluble, insoluble fraction of collagen, total collagen and collagen crosslinks were measured. The study of pubocervical fascia collagen metabolism included also estimation of collagenase activity. At follow-up done 5 years following surgery, 20 patients reported symptoms of GSUI (study group). Four women were still without symptoms of urine leakage (control group). RESULTS: The biochemical parameters of pubocervical fascia did not show, statistically significant differences between compared groups. CONCLUSION: The pubocervical fascia collagen metabolism does not have impact on the results of anti-incontinence surgery.
Subject(s)
Collagen/analysis , Connective Tissue/chemistry , Fascia/chemistry , Treatment Failure , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/surgery , Cervix Uteri , Female , Humans , Pubic Bone , Risk Factors , Urinary Bladder/surgeryABSTRACT
CD44 is a facultative proteoglycan implicated in cell adhesion and trafficking, as well as in tumor survival and progression. We demonstrate here that CD44 heparan sulfate proteoglycan (CD44HSPG) recruits proteolytically active matrix metalloproteinase 7 (matrilysin, MMP-7) and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor precursor (pro-HB-EGF) to form a complex on the surface of tumor cell lines, postpartum uterine and lactating mammary gland epithelium, and uterine smooth muscle. The HB-EGF precursor within this complex is processed by MMP-7, and the resulting mature HB-EGF engages and activates its receptor, ErbB4, leading to, among other events, cell survival. In CD44(-/-) mice, postpartum uterine involution is accelerated and maintenance of lactation is impaired. In both uterine and mammary epithelia of these mice, MMP-7 localization is altered and pro-HB-EGF processing as well as ErbB4 activation are decreased. Our observations provide a mechanism for the assembly and function of a cell surface complex composed of CD44HSPG, MMP 7, HB-EGF, and ErbB4 that may play an important role in the regulation of physiological tissue remodeling.
