ABSTRACT
The prokaryote generic name Bryantella Wolin et al. 2004(VP) is illegitimate because it is a later homonym of Bryantella Chickering, 1946 (Animalia, Arthropoda, Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae, Dendryphantinae, Dendryphantini) and a later homonym of Bryantella Britton, 1957 (Animalia, Arthropoda, Scarabaeoidea, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae) [Principle 2, Rule 51b(4) of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision)]. Bryantella represents a genus of jumping spiders within the family Salticidae and a genus of melolonthine scarab beetles within the family Scarabaeidae. Therefore, a new genus name, Marvinbryantia gen. nov., is proposed for this taxon. As a result, a new combination, Marvinbryantia formatexigens comb. nov., is required for the type species to replace the illegitimate combination Bryantella formatexigens Wolin et al. 2004(VP).
Subject(s)
Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification , Terminology as Topic , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
Formate stimulates growth of a new bacterium from human feces. With high formate, it ferments glucose to acetate via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway. The original isolate fermented vegetable cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose, but it lost this ability after storage at -76 degrees C. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identifies it as a distinct line within the Clostridium coccoides supra-generic rRNA grouping. We propose naming it Bryantella formatexigens gen. nov., sp. nov.
Subject(s)
Acetates/metabolism , Feces/microbiology , Formates/metabolism , Gram-Positive Rods/classification , Gram-Positive Rods/growth & development , Culture Media , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , DNA, Ribosomal/analysis , Fermentation , Gram-Positive Rods/genetics , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Previous work has shown that the divergently transcribed Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes acr (hspX, Rv2031c) and acg (Rv2032) are induced under conditions of shallow standing culture and low oxygen and intracellularly within macrophages. We used a combination of computational and experimental methods to identify promoters for eight additional genes that are regulated in a similar manner and that comprise an acr-coregulated promoter (ACP) family. Transcriptional regulation of these ACP family members was evaluated by using a plasmid-based promoter-green fluorescent protein fusion system and flow cytometry. All promoters showed increased expression in shallow standing versus shaking cultures, in low- versus high-oxygen conditions, and intracellularly within macrophages versus extracellularly in tissue culture medium. However, there were quantitative differences in expression among promoters and among conditions for each promoter. A conserved 18-bp palindromic sequence motif was identified in all ACPs by Gibbs sampling-based computational analyses. Two such motifs overlap regions in the acr and acg promoters that were previously shown to be required for their expression. In addition, we found that 5% carbon dioxide was required for growth of Mycobacterium bovis BCG under microaerophilic (1.3% O(2)) culture conditions and fully prevented the growth cessation typically associated with rapid removal of oxygen. These findings are likely to be relevant to the in vivo environment and will contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis infection.
