Wide-Field Swept-Source OCT Analysis of Interocular Symmetry of Choroidal Thickness in Subjects with Uncomplicated Pachychoroid.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to study the bilateral choroidal thickness (CT) symmetry and difference in uncomplicated pachychoroid subjects using wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). METHODS: All subjects underwent a wide-field 16-mm one-line scan using SS-OCT. Bilateral CT was measured at, and compared among, the following 12 points: three points at 900-µm intervals from the nasal optic disc margin (nasal peripapillary area), one point at the subfovea, six points at 900-µm intervals from the fovea to the nasal and temporal areas (macular area), and two peripheral points 5400 and 8100 µm from the fovea (peripheral area). RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in CT between the right and left eyes in any area (all p > 0.05); they all showed significant positive correlations (all p < 0.01). However, the correlation coefficients (ρ) were smaller for the nasal peripapillary and peripheral areas compared to the macular area. CONCLUSIONS: The CTs in each region were bilaterally symmetrical in subjects with uncomplicated pachychoroid. However, interocular difference in CT increased from the center to the periphery, indicating that the anatomical variation of the nasal peripapillary and peripheral choroid was greater than that of the macula.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of Total Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a matched case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Although many studies have reported clinical features, surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), studies focusing on total RRD are rare. In this study, we investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis of total RRD. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on cases of 44 total RRD and an age- and sex-matched 88 partial RRD. Two groups were compared for clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis. RESULTS: The prevalence of total RRD in all cases of retinal detachment was 4.4%. Pseudophakic eye, ocular trauma, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) were significantly associated with a risk of total RRD (P = .002, P = .003, and P < .001, respectively). In the total RRD group, retinal breaks were located in both superior and inferior parts of the retina, and macular holes and giant retinal tears were frequently found. The best-corrected visual acuity (log MAR) before surgery and final best-corrected visual acuity after surgery were 2.23 ± 0.45 and 1.88 ± 0.96, which was significantly poorer than in the partial RRD group (P < .001). The success rate after primary surgery was 75.0% in the total RRD group, which was significantly lower than partial RRD group (P < .001). Old age, pseudophakic eye, and macular hole as the type of retinal break were highly associated with low success rate. (P = .010, P = .0500, and P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with total RRD had higher recurrence rate and poorer visual outcome after surgery than patients with focal RRD. Old age, pseudophakic eye, and presence of macular hole were important risk factors for recurrence after total RRD repair. Additional surgical procedures should be considered to combine with vitrectomy to achieve better surgical outcomes in these patients.

Characteristics of retinal layer thickness in acute anterior uveitis: an optical coherence tomography study.

PURPOSE: To determine the changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), macular and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thicknesses in patients with acute anterior uveitis (AAU). METHODS: Patients diagnosed with unilateral non-infectious AAU and normal control were enrolled retrospectively. Optical coherence tomography scans were performed during the initial active phase and inactive phase of AAU. Patients were followed for at least 3 months after resolution of inflammatory activity. RESULTS: Thirty-seven AAU patients and 40 controls were included. The average RNFL and central macular thickness (CMT) showed significant differences between patients and control groups during active phase (p < 0.001 and p = 0.022, respectively). The average pRNFL thicknesses of affected eyes and fellow eyes during the active phase were 109.4 ± 12.5 µm and 96.5 ± 8.0 µm, respectively (p < 0.001). During the inactive phase, the average thicknesses were 99.3 ± 8.9 µm and 97.0 ± 7.5, respectively; they were not significantly different (p = 0.236). The CMTs of affected and fellow eyes during the active phase were 261.6 ± 24.7 µm and 251.5 ± 17.3 µm, respectively; the difference was significant (p = 0.047). The average GC-IPL thicknesses of affected and fellow eyes were not significantly different (p = 0.061). CONCLUSIONS: The pRNFL and central macula thickened during the active phase of AAU and decreased to a similar degree with fellow eyes during the inactive phase. Additionally, pRNFL thickness showed a sensitive response to the degree of inflammation in AAU. This suggests that pRNFL thickness may be useful in assessing disease activity.

Retinal Microvascular Change in Hypertension as measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Many studies have reported the effect of hypertension on microcirculation of the retina. Advance of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) allows us more detailed observations of microcirculation of the retina. Therefore, we compared OCTA parameters between chronic hypertension (disease duration of at least 10 yrs; Group A, 45 eyes), relieved hypertensive retinopathy (grade IV HTNR < 1 yr prior; Group B, 40 eyes), and normal controls [Group C (50 eyes) ≥ 50 yrs old and Group D (50 eyes) < 50 yrs old]. A 3 × 3 mm macular scan was performed in each group by OCTA. In vessel density of 3 mm full, group A and B were significantly decreased compared to normal control group (Group A vs. C; 19.4 mm-1 vs. 20.1 mm-1, Group B vs. D; 19.8 mm-1 vs. 21.8 mm-1, all p < 0.05). In foveal avascular zone, group A and B were significantly increased compared to normal control group (Group A vs. C; 0.35 mm2 vs. 0.30 mm2, Group B vs. D; 0.36 mm2 vs. 0.29 mm2, all p < 0.05). OCTA is useful for examining retinal microcirculatory changes in hypertension and we confirmed that hypertension affects the OCTA parameters. Considering the effect of hypertension on the change of microvasculature, care is required in the interpretation of OCTA parameters in various ophthalmic condition.