Fucosterol exerts protection against amyloid ß-induced neurotoxicity, reduces intracellular levels of amyloid ß and enhances the mRNA expression of neuroglobin in amyloid ß-induced SH-SY5Y cells.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to progressive loss of neurons which often results in deterioration of memory and cognitive function. The development of AD is highly associated with the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Amyloid ß (Aß) induces neurotoxicity and contributes to the development of AD. Recent evidences also highlighted the importance of neuroglobin (Ngb) in ameliorating AD. This study assessed the ability of fucosterol, a phytosterol found in brown alga, in protecting SH-SY5Y cells against Aß-induced neurotoxicity. Its effects on the mRNA levels of APP and Ngb as well as the intracellular Aß levels were also determined in Aß-induced SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to fucosterol prior to Aß treatment. The effect on apoptosis was determined using Annexin V FITC staining and mRNA expression was studied using RT-PCR. Flow cytometry confirmed the protective effects of fucosterol on SH-SY5Y cells against Aß-induced apoptosis. Pretreatment with fucosterol increased the Ngb mRNA levels but reduced the levels of APP mRNA and intracellular Aß in Aß-induced SH-SY5Y cells. These observations demonstrated the protective properties of fucosterol against Aß-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cells.