Two stage penile reconstruction with free prefabricated sensate radial forearm osteocutaneous flap.

Penile reconstructive surgeries are performed mainly as radical treatment for conditions associated with congenital abnormalities of the urethra or penis, after penile trauma, penile cancer, short penis, corporal fibrosis and in cases of gender reassignment. We present here a method of penile reconstruction with a pre fabricated radial forearm free flap incorporating the segment of the radius for structural support.

Characteristic and controlled release of anticancer drug loaded poly (D,L-lactide) microparticles prepared by spray drying technique.

Anticancer drug release from polylactic acid microspheres prepared by the spray-drying process was studied. Several process parameters and properties of the polymer solution have been investigated. Normal size distributions with diameters ranging from 5-10 microm were obtained by the spray drying technique. The yield of microspheres recovered depended on polymer solution and process conditions employed. Results show that the yield of microspheres could reach 50%, and the experimental drug loading approached the theoretical drug loading. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that microspheres were composed of a dense thin skin layer and porous core. The magnitude of this effect depended on the inlet temperature, feed polymer concentration and air flow rate. Increasing inlet temperature and polymer concentration resulted in an intact particle shape and a slower drug dissolution rate. The in-vitro release of anticancer drug from microspheres was sustained over 7 days. The drug release behaviour depended on inlet temperature, air flow rate, PLA concentration and drug loading. The anticancer drug release rate from polylactic acid microspheres prepared by the spray-drying method was depressed, and the long-acting release could be achieved by appropriate operating parameters.

Sustained-release of oxytetracycline from chitosan microspheres prepared by interfacial acylation and spray hardening methods.

Chitosan microspheres containing oxytetracycline (OTC), an antibiotic agent, were prepared by spray hardening and interfacial acylation methods. The object of this study was to prepare oxytetracycline-containing microspheres for oral administration and injection using different molecular weight (Mw 70,000 approximately 2,000,000) of chitosan. By the spray hardening method, microspheres with particle sizes between 5 and 30 microns could be obtained and might be suitable for intramuscular injection. On the other hand, chitosan microspheres with the ability to extend the dissolution period of oxytetracycline in low pH medium were also prepared by the interfacial acylation method. The result indicated that the releasing of oxytetracycline from various acylated chitosan microspheres was decreased with increasing the molecular weight of chitosan and would show well sustained-release property. Besides, the morphology of various microspheres and crystalline form transition of oxytetracycline were also studied using electron scanning microscope and X-ray analysis.