ABSTRACT
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains a threat to hospitalized patients. All patients with diarrhoea [defined as Bristol Stool Form Chart (BSFC) types 5-7] not attributable to another cause should be tested for CDI. Samples should quarter fill and take the shape of the specimen container. Use of the BSFC definition of diarrhoea to determine which samples should be tested for CDI in the laboratory was assessed. In this study, two-thirds of glutamate-dehydrogenase-positive, toxin-positive samples were rated BSFC type <5. Therefore, the BSFC should not be used by laboratories to determine which samples are tested for CDI.
Subject(s)
Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards , Clostridioides difficile/isolation & purification , Clostridium Infections/diagnosis , Feces/microbiology , Specimen Handling/standards , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Clostridium Infections/microbiology , Humans , Specimen Handling/instrumentation , Specimen Handling/methodsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The National Health Service in England advises hospitals collect data on hospital-onset diarrhoea (HOD). Contemporaneous data on HOD are lacking. AIM: To investigate prevalence, aetiology and management of HOD on medical, surgical and elderly-care wards. METHODS: A cross-sectional study in a volunteer sample of UK hospitals, which collected data on one winter and one summer day in 2016. Patients admitted ≥72 h were screened for HOD (definition: ≥2 episodes of Bristol Stool Type 5-7 the day before the study, with diarrhoea onset >48 h after admission). Data on HOD aetiology and management were collected prospectively. FINDINGS: Data were collected on 141 wards in 32 hospitals (16 acute, 16 teaching). Point-prevalence of HOD was 4.5% (230/5142 patients; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9-5.0%). Teaching hospital HOD prevalence (5.9%, 95% CI 5.1-6.9%) was twice that of acute hospitals (2.8%, 95% CI 2.1-3.5%; odds ratio 2.2, 95% CI 1.7-3.0). At least one potential cause was identified in 222/230 patients (97%): 107 (47%) had a relevant underlying condition, 125 (54%) were taking antimicrobials, and 195 (85%) other medication known to cause diarrhoea. Nine of 75 tested patients were Clostridium difficile toxin positive (4%). Eighty (35%) patients had a documented medical assessment of diarrhoea. Documentation of HOD in medical notes correlated with testing for C. difficile (78% of those tested vs 38% not tested, P<0.001). One-hundred and forty-four (63%) patients were not isolated following diarrhoea onset. CONCLUSION: HOD is a prevalent symptom affecting thousands of patients across the UK health system each day. Most patients had multiple potential causes of HOD, mainly iatrogenic, but only a third had medical assessment. Most were not tested for C. difficile and were not isolated.
