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2.
BioDrugs ; 38(1): 133-144, 2024 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38064144

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the influence of the presence of biosimilar adalimumab on adalimumab budget savings in 14 high- and upper-middle-income countries. METHODS: This study analyzed Multinational Integrated Data Analysis System (MIDAS)-IQVIA data from the fourth quarter (Q4) of 2018 to the Q4 of 2019, comparing adalimumab expenditure (in United States dollars) and consumption (in standard units [SU]) across 14 countries (Australia, Austria, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, and Taiwan). The countries were divided into two groups based on the availability of adalimumab biosimilars during the study period. A difference-in-difference design was employed to analyze the groups, focusing on changes from Q4 2018 to Q4 2019. Additionally, changes in adalimumab expenditure were decomposed into price, quantity, and drug mix during the study period. RESULTS: Among countries with adalimumab biosimilars, there was a significant decrease in expenditure (- $371.0 per gross domestic product per capita; p = 0.03) over four quarters, while the consumption significantly increased (1.0 SU per 1000 population; p = 0.02). This was consistent with visual observations and differed from countries without adalimumab biosimilar. Sensitivity analysis with a narrowed list of countries (12 high-income countries) showed a consistent trend. Adalimumab expenditure decreased by 14% during the study period in countries where adalimumab biosimilars were available, mainly due to the price changes (Pt = 0.85; - 15%) and the drug-mix effect (εt  = 0.88; - 12%). Yet, adalimumab expenditure (Et = 1.04; +4%) changed in a quantity-dependent manner (Qt = 1.06; +6%) in countries where adalimumab biosimilars were absent. CONCLUSION: The availability of biosimilars was associated with a decrease in adalimumab expenditure without compromising the consumption of adalimumab.


Subject(s)
Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals , Humans , Adalimumab/therapeutic use , Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals/therapeutic use , France , Budgets , Italy
3.
Sensors (Basel) ; 22(17)2022 Sep 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36081175

ABSTRACT

Active research on crack detection technology for structures based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has attracted considerable attention. Most of the existing research on localization of cracks using UAVs mounted the Global Positioning System (GPS)/Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) on the UAVs to obtain location information. When such absolute position information is used, several studies confirmed that positioning errors of the UAVs were reflected and were in the order of a few meters. To address these limitations, in this study, without using the absolute position information, localization of cracks was defined using relative position between objects in UAV-captured images to significantly reduce the error level. Through aerial photography, a total of 97 images were acquired. Using the point cloud technique, image stitching, and homography matrix algorithm, 5 cracks and 3 reference objects were defined. Importantly, the comparative analysis of estimated relative position values and ground truth values through field measurement revealed that errors in the range 24-84 mm and 8-48 mm were obtained on the x- and y-directions, respectively. Also, RMSE errors of 37.95-91.24 mm were confirmed. In the future, the proposed methodology can be utilized for supplementing and improving the conventional methods for visual inspection of infrastructures and facilities.

4.
Bioorg Med Chem ; 24(8): 1898-908, 2016 Apr 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26988802

ABSTRACT

A series of pyrazoline derivatives (5) were synthesized in 92-96% yields from chalcones (3) and hydrazides (4). Subsequently, topo-I and IIα-mediated relaxation and antiproliferative activity assays were evaluated for 5. Among the tested compounds, 5h had a very strong topo-I activity of 97% (Camptothecin, 74%) at concentration of 100 µM. Nevertheless, all the compounds 5a-5i showed significant topo II inhibitory activity in the range of 90-94% (Etoposide, 96%) at the same concentration. Cytotoxic potential of these compounds was tested in a panel of three human tumor cell lines, HCT15, BT474 and T47D. All the compounds showed strong activity against HCT15 cell line with IC50 at the range of 1.9-10.4 µM (Adriamycin, 23.0; Etoposide, 6.9; and Camptothecin, 7.1 µM). Moreover, compounds 5c, 5f and 5i were observed to have strong antiproliferative activity against BT474 cell lines. Since, compound 5d showed antiproliferative activity at a very low IC50 thus 5d was then selected to study on their mode of action with diverse methods of ATP competition assay, ATPase assay and DNA-topo IIα cleavable complex assay and the results revealed that it functioned as a ATP-competitive human topoisomerase IIα catalytic inhibitor. Further evaluation of endogenous topo-mediated DNA relaxation in cells has been conducted to find that, 5d inhibited endogenous topo-mediated pBR322 plasmid relaxation is more efficient (78.0 ± 4.7% at 50 µM) than Etoposide (36.0 ± 1.7% at 50 µM).


Subject(s)
Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Drug Design , Pyrazoles/pharmacology , Topoisomerase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Binding, Competitive/drug effects , Biocatalysis/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Humans , Molecular Docking Simulation , Molecular Structure , Pyrazoles/chemical synthesis , Pyrazoles/chemistry , Structure-Activity Relationship , Topoisomerase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Topoisomerase Inhibitors/chemistry
5.
Eur J Med Chem ; 92: 583-607, 2015 Mar 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25613224

ABSTRACT

Inspired by the initial success of the monoarylisoquinolines and the quest to identify more potent and selective anticancer agents with topoisomerase (topo) inhibitory activity, series of diarylisoquinolines (3,4-diarylisoquinolones and 3,4-diarylisoquinolinamines) were designed and synthesized. Synthesis of these compounds primarily involved lithiated toluamide-benzonitrile cycloaddition, Suzuki coupling, and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Eight of the derivatives were selectively toxic against human ductal breast epithelial tumor cells (T47D), human prostate cancer cells (DU145), and human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-15), but had no effect on normal human breast epithelial cells (MCF10A). The topo inhibitory activities of the diarylisoquinoline compounds were relatively dependent upon their chemical structure. 3,4-Diarylisoquinolones generally did not inhibit topo I and only showed moderate inhibition of topo II. In contrast, several 3,4-diarylisoquinolinamines showed superior topo I inhibitory activity. Isoquinolinamine derivatives had greater affinity for topo I than for topo II. Topo inhibition by 3,4-diarylisoquinolines was further supported by docking models showing intercalative and/or H-bond interactions between these compounds and the DNA/topo(s). An analysis of the correlation between the cytotoxicity and topo inhibition of these compounds indicated that the primary biological target of derivatives with potent cytotoxicity was topo, which in turn establishes diaryl-substituted isoquinolines as a novel class of potential anticancer drugs.


Subject(s)
Isoquinolines/pharmacology , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Humans , Isoquinolines/chemical synthesis , Isoquinolines/chemistry , Molecular Docking Simulation , Molecular Structure , Structure-Activity Relationship , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/chemistry
6.
Eur J Med Chem ; 82: 181-94, 2014 Jul 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24904965

ABSTRACT

A series of 3-heteroarylisoquinolinamines were designed, synthesized and evaluated for cytotoxicity, topoisomerases (topos) inhibitory activities and cell cycle inhibition. Several of the 3-heteroarylisoquinolines exhibited selective cytotoxicity against human ductal breast epithelial tumor (T47D) cells over non-cancerous human breast epithelial (MCF-10A) and human prostate cancer (DU145) cells. Most of the derivatives showed greater cytotoxicity in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT-15) cells than camptothecin (CPT), etoposide and doxorubicin (DOX). Generally, 3-heteroarylisoquinolinamines displayed greater affinity for topo I than topo II. 3-Heteroarylisoquinolinamines with greater topo I inhibitory effect exhibited potent cytotoxicity. Piperazine-substituted derivative, 5b, with potent topo I and moderate topo II activities intercalated between DNA bases and interacted with topos through H-bonds at the DNA cleavage site of a docking model. Moreover, flow cytometry indicated that cytotoxic 3-heteroarylisoquinolinamines led to accumulation of human cervical (HeLa) cancer cells in the different phases of the cell cycle before apoptosis. Taken together, 3-heteroarylisoquinolinamines possessed potent cytotoxicity with topos and cell cycle inhibitory activities.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/metabolism , DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/metabolism , Drug Design , Heterocyclic Compounds/pharmacology , Isoquinolines/pharmacology , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/pharmacology , Topoisomerase II Inhibitors/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Crystallography, X-Ray , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Heterocyclic Compounds/chemical synthesis , Heterocyclic Compounds/chemistry , Humans , Isoquinolines/chemical synthesis , Isoquinolines/chemistry , Models, Molecular , Molecular Structure , Structure-Activity Relationship , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/chemistry , Topoisomerase II Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Topoisomerase II Inhibitors/chemistry
7.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 23(11): 3320-4, 2013 Jun 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23608763

ABSTRACT

In order to diversify the pharmacological activity of chalcones and extend the scaffold of topoisomerase and cathepsins B and L inhibitors, we have designed and synthesized total 18 chalcone compounds and tested their biological activity. In the topoisomerase inhibition test, most analogues in group III and IV except compound 11 exhibited more efficient topoisomerase I inhibitory activity than camptothecin at 20 µM. Compounds 15, 16 and 18 in group IV showed significant cathepsin B and L inhibitory activity. Among the compounds, compound 15 was most active with IC50 values of 1.81±0.05 µM on cathepsin B and 3.15±0.07 µM on cathepsin L, respectively. Compound 15 also showed most potent cytotoxic activity against T47D and SNU638 cells with IC50 values of 1.37±0.05 µM and 0.62±0.01 µM, respectively. Overall, although more compounds should be tested and analyzed for clear SAR against topoisomerase I and cathepsin B and L, compound 15 showed consistent inhibitory ability on the tested assays, which can implicate the cytotoxic activity of compound 15 on topoisomerase I and cathepsin B and L inhibitory pathways.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Cathepsin B/antagonists & inhibitors , Cathepsin L/antagonists & inhibitors , Chalcones/chemistry , DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity , Cathepsin B/metabolism , Cathepsin L/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Chalcones/chemical synthesis , Chalcones/toxicity , DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/metabolism , DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/chemistry , DNA Topoisomerases, Type II/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors/toxicity , Humans , Structure-Activity Relationship , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Topoisomerase I Inhibitors/toxicity
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