ABSTRACT
Individuals with mental illness and mental retardation often fall between system and agency service cracks. This paper describes some of the barriers individuals and communities confront in developing new or expanding existing services to meet the needs of this population. It then describes how one community initiated multi-system collaboration in its delivery of crisis intervention services, community mental health center services and specialized short-term residential living. By increasing the multi-system services available to individuals with dual diagnosis at the community level, fewer individuals encountered placement failure and re-institutionalization.
Subject(s)
Community Mental Health Services/organization & administration , Intellectual Disability/rehabilitation , Mental Disorders/rehabilitation , Community Mental Health Centers , Community Mental Health Services/standards , Crisis Intervention , Deinstitutionalization , Female , Health Planning , Humans , Male , Residential FacilitiesABSTRACT
It is evident that the five so-called pigeon pox viruses manifest differences in growth patterns. All produced some interruption in the secretory activity of the allantoic membrane. All produced cytoplasmic bridges and distorted the cellular membranes with protoplasmic loops. Only the Amdal virus strain actively ejected virus particles outside the cell membrane. The other virus strains exhibited this tendency to a lesser degree.
Subject(s)
Poxviridae/ultrastructure , Allantois/ultrastructure , Animals , Cell Membrane/ultrastructure , Cells, Cultured , Chick Embryo , Chorion/ultrastructure , Columbidae/microbiology , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Poxviridae/growth & developmentABSTRACT
For flock vaccination, B1-type LaSota Newcastle disease water vaccine was used in chicken under commercial cage layer conditions using two different methods, Swish Corporation pipes and cups, and stainless stell troughs, in an effort to determine their effectiveness. The concentration of virus in trough and cup samples collected at the beginning and the end of the lines were the same except in one instance where little or no virus was transported to the end of the trough. Satisfactory results were obtained when the test was repeated a year later. Serum HI titers determined before and after vaccination demonstrated adequate flock serum titers and indicated that both methods of application were reasonably effective. In laboratory trials, different water pipes (black, polyvinyl chloride pipe and Hart cups, green, polyvinyl chloride pipe and Swish cups, and old, rusty, galvanized pipe) normally used in cage operations were tested. Our findings indicated that dried skim milk powder (DSMP) was essential in stabilizing vaccine virus in the containers tested and that an adequate vaccine virus concentration was maintained in the three types of pipe tested when DSMP was used. Without DSMP the vaccine titers were adversely affected.
Subject(s)
Chickens , Housing, Animal , Newcastle Disease/prevention & control , Newcastle disease virus/immunology , Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Animals , Dietary Fats , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests , Methods , Milk , Newcastle Disease/immunology , Temperature , WaterABSTRACT
Histological examination of the soft palates of pigeons revealed tonsilar abscesses as the cause of white spots, which were observed grossly.
