ABSTRACT
This preliminary study compared the signs, symptoms and prevalence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and candidal infections in women using spermicides, with those using other forms of contraception, to establish whether nonoxynol-9 had any therapeutic value against BV or gave rise to vaginal candidiasis and inflammation. Overall results showed that the prevalence of BV in non-spermicide users was 35/113 (31%) but was significantly less in spermicide users, 10/66 (15%), P < 0.05. Nonoxynol-9 was not associated with increased isolation of Candida albicans, which was found in 16/113 (14%) of non-spermicide users, and in 8/66 (12%) of those using spermicides, P > 0.1. Vaginal inflammation and discharge were significantly less in spermicide users, 19/66 (29%) than in the non-spermicide group, 50/113 (44%), P < 0.05. Nonoxynol-9 contraception was associated with a significantly reduced prevalence of BV, but not with increased candidiasis or vaginal inflammation.
Subject(s)
Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/chemically induced , Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal/epidemiology , Contraception/methods , Nonoxynol/therapeutic use , Vaginitis/chemically induced , Vaginitis/epidemiology , Vaginosis, Bacterial/epidemiology , Vaginosis, Bacterial/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Incidence , Prevalence , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
The effects of adding one of three doses (0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 mg/d) of norethindrone acetate for 12 days each month to continuous, transdermal estradiol (0.05 mg/d) have been determined in a prospective, randomized, multicenter study. Significant symptomatic and psychological improvements were observed and, with one exception, were not opposed by the added progestogen. Distinct redness at the site of last patch application was reported by 10% of patients and faint erythema by 30%. However, less than 5% of patients discontinued treatment because of skin problems. Breakthrough bleeding occurred infrequently and all three doses of norethindrone acetate induced a regular pattern of bleeding with secretory transformation in the endometrium. There was no hyperplasia or carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Estradiol/therapeutic use , Norethindrone/analogs & derivatives , Administration, Cutaneous , Administration, Oral , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Therapy, Combination , Endometrium/cytology , Endometrium/drug effects , Estradiol/administration & dosage , Estradiol/pharmacology , Female , Humans , Menopause/drug effects , Menopause/psychology , Middle Aged , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Norethindrone/administration & dosage , Norethindrone/pharmacology , Norethindrone/therapeutic use , Norethindrone Acetate , Time Factors , United KingdomABSTRACT
A double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study of dydrogesterone (10 mg b.d.) in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome is described. Two groups of women were studied: secondarily referred hospital clinic patients, and self-referred patients. Only one-third of patients screened completed the study. All patients showed significant improvements in symptom scores during the course of the study, the only significant difference between placebo- and dydrogesterone-treated patients being an increase in frequency of breast tenderness and a decrease in pain with menstrual bleeding in the latter.
