ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of a rapid antigen detection assay for detection of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children with meningitis. DESIGN AND METHODS: CSF specimens from children with meningitis were tested for bacterial antigens using latex agglutination (LA) tests and a novel rapid antigen test after all other investigations were completed. The analytical sensitivity of the antigen assays was compared using sterile CSF to which Hib was added. RESULTS: Hib meningitis was confirmed by culture in 4/10 (3.3 percent) of paediatric patients and in none of 29 neonates. The sensitivity and specificity of both LA and the rapid antigen test were 100 percent and 98.6 percent, respectively. The rapid screening assay also gave a positive result in a case of meningococcal meningitis. In CSF spiked with Hib, LA detected 4.2 x 10 5 cfu, while the rapid assay detected 100 cfu. CONCLUSIONS: Both LA and the rapid antigen assay detected all cases of Hib meningitis, but the analytical sensitivity of the rapid screening assay was much greater. Prospective studies of the rapid test for detection of other bacterial pathogens are required.(Au)
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Haemophilus Infections/diagnosis , Latex Fixation Tests , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Meningitis/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Evaluation StudyABSTRACT
Human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA was detected in cercico-vaginal lavages from two groups of women by PCR with the CPI/1IG consenus primer pair. The first group comprised 40 women from a colposcopy clinic with cervical cytology/histology indicative of HPV infection; these were matched with a control group of 45 women who had no history of cervical HPV infection. HPV DNA was detected in 21 (52 percent) of samples from women suspected of HPV and in 21 (47 percent) of those with no history of HPV infection. Direct sequence analysis of the purified PCR product revealed a range of HPV types within the two groups. HPV type 18 was identified in four of the 21 PCR positive women for te Colposcopy Clinic and in one woman in the control group. Type 16 was found in two women only, both the Colposcopy Clinic. Mainly low or intermediate-risk HPV types were identified in the control group. The study revealed that there is a moderately high prevalence of a variety of types of HPA DNA in women with no cytological or histological evidence of HPV infection. (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Human Papillomavirus Viruses/isolation & purification , Uterine Cervical Diseases/virology , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of a variety of genital human papilloma virus (HPV) types in cervico-vaginal lavages obtained from 44 women. Of these, one-half were diagnosed, by cytological and/or histological methods, with a cervical abnormality indicative of HPV infection and the other twenty-two had no history of cervical HPV infection or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Fourteen (64 percent) of the women suspected of having an HPV infection of the cervix, and seven (32 percent) of those with no history of HPV infection were found to be positive after PCR amplification of a 188 bp fragment of the HPV genome using the CPI/CPIIG consensus primer set designed to detect genital HPV types. The results show that this primer set can be used to detect HPV in the cervix and give some indication of the presence of HPV in the genital tract of presumably "health" women (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , DNA Probes, HPV , Human Papillomavirus Viruses/isolation & purification , /diagnosis , Genital Diseases, FemaleSubject(s)
Empathy , Physician-Patient Relations , Psychotherapy , Adult , Female , Humans , Judgment , Male , Mental Disorders/therapy , PsychometricsSubject(s)
Attitude to Health , Hospitalization , Mental Disorders/therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Geography , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Motivation , North Carolina , Psychotherapy , Residence CharacteristicsSubject(s)
Empathy , Physician-Patient Relations , Psychotherapy , Adult , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Male , Neurotic Disorders/therapy , Personality , Probability , Prognosis , Schizophrenia/therapyABSTRACT
PIP: Recent psychiatric literature is reviewed to demonstrate the general state of clinical psychiatry. The advent of chemical therapies requires that psychiatrists receive comprehensive training in organic and dynamic approaches. Consultative collaboration between psychiatrists and physicians is encouraged though there is also a conspicuous need for physician training in consultative techniques and referrals. Diagnostic classifications by the psychiatrist are discussed. Rehabilitation methods in the community and family require more research and awareness on the part of psychiatrists. The manifold variety of investigations, studies, treatments, and rehabilitation of schizophrenics is discussed at length and the often contradictory conclusions are noted. The scope of analysis and treatment of depression is reviewed and certain etiological hypotheses associated backgrounds and depression are shown to be invalid. Suicide and its prognostication is covered as well as narcotic addiction and other disorders such as hyperphagia, anorexia, and dystonia musculorum deformans. 1 study is cited, based on an investigation of 120 children born as a result of the mothers being refused an abortion, suggesting that early rejection rather than early bereavement contributes to a higher risk of psychiatric difficulties in later life.^ieng
