ABSTRACT
Adulterated and counterfeit drugs were pouring into the U.S. Providing poor medicines was a growing business, and the market was growing with the rapid expansion of the country itself. There seemed to be little that could be done to slow or stop it. The sophistication of the adulterations was superior to available tests, standards were lacking, and there were few trained pharmacists or physicians who could apply them. There were no laws that would prohibit the importation of these products nor limit their sale once ashore. This was the situation when a small group of New York pharmacists took it upon themselves to convince other health professionals and legislators that there was a problem and devised a solution that would establish patient safety as the core value of the emerging profession of pharmacy.
Subject(s)
Community Pharmacy Services/history , Counterfeit Drugs/history , Drug Contamination , Drug and Narcotic Control/history , Fraud/history , Pharmacies/history , Pharmacists/history , Professional Role/history , Community Pharmacy Services/legislation & jurisprudence , Community Pharmacy Services/organization & administration , Drug Contamination/legislation & jurisprudence , Drug Contamination/prevention & control , Drug and Narcotic Control/legislation & jurisprudence , Drug and Narcotic Control/organization & administration , Fraud/legislation & jurisprudence , Fraud/prevention & control , Government Regulation/history , History, 19th Century , Humans , Patient Safety/history , Pharmacies/legislation & jurisprudence , Pharmacies/organization & administration , Pharmacists/legislation & jurisprudence , Pharmacists/organization & administration , United StatesSubject(s)
Faculty , Pharmacology , Schools, Pharmacy , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Societies, PharmaceuticalABSTRACT
From the beginning, APhA recognized and embraced the mission of keeping its members and all pharmacists informed and engaged in the progress of the profession. For the entire period encompassed by the Proceedings, print runs were for 1,000 copies or more, a far greater number than the membership list, which allowed for distribution to a broad audience both domestically and internationally. However, it was the meetings in 1856 and 1857 establishing the Report on the Progress of Pharmacy and the publication of NF in 1888 that truly moved the Association to the role of a major provider of information to the pharmacists of America.
Subject(s)
Congresses as Topic/history , Periodicals as Topic/history , Publishing/history , Anniversaries and Special Events , History of Pharmacy , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Societies, Pharmaceutical , United StatesSubject(s)
History of Pharmacy , Education, Pharmacy , History, 19th Century , Humans , United StatesABSTRACT
In the days of the post 9/11 attacks in the United States and the response against terrorism, one must question whether the source and supply of medicines in America is safe and adequate. This article reviews a common thread that runs through the periods of national emergency brought on by war, beginning with the Revolutionary War and repeated in the Civil War, World War 1, and World War 2: access to sufficient safe medicines. The shortage of medicines challenged the birth of the new nation in the Revolutionary War and helped thwart its destruction by the withdrawal of the southern states in the Civil War. Similarly, access to natural medicine and patented synthetic chemicals created major challenges in both World War 1 and World War 2. While not the only factor in victory, medicines did play an important role. Two separate but intertwined questions are evident. The first is whether the United States can control and provide the supply of medicines needed for the health and safety of it citizens-military and civilian. The second is whether the quality, that is the safety and efficacy, can be assured whether the source of the medicine is domestic or imported.
Subject(s)
History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , Military Personnel , Pennsylvania , PharmacyABSTRACT
Rufus Ashley Lyman, a physician, was one of the most prominent leaders in US pharmacy education during the first half of the 20th century. He remains the only individual to be the founding dean at colleges of pharmacy at 2 state universities. His role in the creation and sustenance of the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education provided a platform for a national community and a sounding board for faculty members and others interested in professional education. His efforts to increase pharmacy educational standards were instrumental in the abandonment of the 2-year graduate in pharmacy (PhG) degree and the universal acceptance of the 4-year bachelor of science (BS) degree. Lyman's simple approach and fierce championship of his beliefs led to his recognition as a lamplighter for the profession.Curt P. Wimmer, chair of the New York Branch of the American Pharmaceutical Association (now the American Pharmacists Association (APhA), introduced the 1947 Remington Honor Medalist, Rufus Ashley Lyman. Wimmer mentioned that Lyman worked as a lamplighter in Omaha, Nebraska, during medical school. Continuing the lamplighter analogy, Wimmer cited Lyman's work as a pharmacy educator and editor: "in the councils of your colleagues, your lamp became a torch emitting red hot sparks that often burnt and seared and scorched -- but always made for progress."1 This description provides an evocative image of one of the most prominent pharmacy educators and leaders of the first half of the 20th century.
