Shedding light on the problem: Influence of the radiator power, source-sample distance, and exposure time on the performance of UV-C lamps in laboratory and real-world conditions.

Effective surface disinfection is crucial for preventing the spread of pathogens in hospitals. Standard UltraViolet-C (UV-C) lamps have been widely used for this purpose, but their disinfection efficiency under real-world conditions is not well understood. To fill this gap, the influence of the power of the ultraviolet radiator, source-sample distance, and exposure time on the performance of UV-C lamps against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis were experimentally determined in the laboratory and hospital. The obtained results showed that the UV irradiance and, thus, the UV-C disinfection efficiency decreased significantly at distances greater than 100 cm from the UV-C lamp. Moreover, increasing the total power of the radiators does not improve the performance of UV-C lamps under real conditions. The UV-C disinfection efficiency greater than 90% was achieved only under laboratory conditions at a close distance from the UV-C lamp, i.e., 10 cm. These findings provide novel insights into the limitations of UV-C lamps in real-world conditions and highlight the need for more effective disinfection strategies in hospitals.

"Slipped capital femoral epiphysis in a 25-year-old hypogonadic man with a large cranial chondroma: causality or coincidence? ".

BACKGROUND: Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a hip disorder frequently occurring in adolescence. In adults it is rare and so far very few cases have been documented. CASE PRESENTATION: This report presents a 25-year-old patient diagnosed with an anterior fossa giant chondroma, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and SCFE. The patient underwent surgical and hormonal therapy. His symptoms revealed, and he became a father. CONCLUSIONS: Every patient diagnosed with SCFE in adulthood should undergo endocrinological assessment based on physical examination and laboratory tests.

Assessment of Augmented Reality in Manual Wiring Production Process with Use of Mobile AR Glasses.

Digitalization of production environment, also called Industry 4.0 (the term invented by Wahlster Wolfgang in Germany) is now one of the hottest topics in the computer science departments at universities and companies. One of the most significant topics in this area is augmented reality (AR). The interest in AR has grown especially after the introduction of the Microsoft HoloLens in 2016, which made this technology available for researchers and developers all around the world. It is divided into numerous subtopics and technologies. These wireless, see-through glasses give a very natural human-machine interface, with the possibility to present certain necessary information right in front of the user's eyes as 3D virtual objects, in parallel with the observation of the real world, and the possibility to communicate with the system by simple gestures and speech. Scientists noted that in-depth studies connected to the effects of AR applications are presently sparse. In the first part of this paper, the authors recall the research from 2019 about the new method of manual wiring support with the AR glasses. In the second part, the study (tests) for this method carried out by the research team is described. The method was applied in the actual production environment with consideration of the actual production process, which is manual wiring of the industrial enclosures (control cabinets). Finally, authors deliberate on conclusions, technology's imperfections, limitations, and future possible development of the presented solution.

Breakage of metal hip arthroplasty components: Retrieval and structural analysis.

BACKGROUND: Breakage of joint arthroplasty components are rare, yet during an implant retrieval program we found several cases. OBJECTIVE: In this study we examined the components to determine the causes and mechanisms of breakage of these implants. METHODS: From our collection of 849 retrievals we selected 682 cases with metal parts (503 hip, 79 knee arthroplasties) and identified fractured components: seven hip resurfacing implants, five total hip replacement stems, one monopolar femoral head, and one modular revision femoral stem from. Implants were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy; metallographic sections were prepared and samples of periprosthetic tissues underwent microscopic examination. RESULTS: In the resurfacing components breakage occurred in small stems placed in the femoral neck due to necrosis of femoral heads, with no metal flaws detected. Fatigue breakage of femoral stems was caused by presence of material flaws in the CoCrMo alloy, and corrosion. The monopolar head failed in fatigue fracture mechanism, breakage was initiated in an undercut near the taper connection for femoral component. The modular stem from Ti alloy sustained fatigue fracture induced by corrosion caused by debris from previously revised stem; no material flaws were detected in this sample. In most cases periprosthetic tissues had a morphology typical for aseptic loosening. CONCLUSIONS: In our series failure was caused by material flaws, presence of stress raisers and localized corrosion. Our findings indicate that sharp edges and other features which can act as stress raisers should be avoided in newly designed implants. Corrosion induced fracture of the modular Ti stem indicates the need for a detailed debridement of periprosthetic tissues during revision arthroplasties.

Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis - Various Manifestations, Inconsistent Terminology and Treatment. Cases Study.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) as well as tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) are both diagnosed and described in two forms, namely a localized and diffuse type. They form a diverse group of proliferative lesions in articular synovium and tendon sheaths. The inconsistent terminology impedes communication between patients, orthopedic surgeons, radiologists and pathologists, leading to misunderstandings and delaying treatment. In this paper, we present three cases of PVNS/TGCT (involving the fourth toe extensor tendon sheath, hip joint after resurfacing and flexor hallucis longus tendon sheath) together with suggestions regarding the unification of the terminology as well as diagnosis and treatment.

[Assessment of the level of metal ions in the blood of patients after hip resurfacing--preliminary report]. / Ocena poziomu jonów metali we krwi pacjentów po endoprotezoplastyce powierzchniowej--doniesienie wstepne.

INTRODUCTION: Metal-on-metal bearings characterize lower wear than metal-poly, lower fracture risk than ceramics and they allow for the manufacturing of large diameter heads. The metal ion release from the bearings is the the major concern of these articulations. MATERIAL: The study group consisted of 16 patients who underwent hip resurfacing with Durom implant and had minimum 1 year follow-up period. Blood from the patients was collected 4 times: before the surgery, 2, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. METHODS: Clinical examination was done according to HHS, Radiographic image was used to measure the cup inclination, evaluation of chromium and cobalt ion blood levels was performed using graphite furnace atomic absorbtion spectrometry (GFAAS). RESULTS: The levels of cobalt and chromium increased postoperatively significantly to decrease slightly at 6 months. At 1 year cobalt levels increased to the similar level like at at 2 months. The chromium level decresed to the values as low as preoperatively. The mean cup inclination angle measured on X-rays was 48 degrees(range 39 degrees - 56 degrees). The mean HHS result was 89.86 (range 64.43 to 98.73). The mean activity level measured with UCLA scale was 6 (range 3-9). CONCLUSIONS: The metal ion blond levels increase sigficantly in the period 2-6 months following hip replacement with large diameter metal-on-metal articulation. In further examinations at 1 year post-op ion levels decrease.

[Early results of revision hip arthroplasty using modular Restoration stem]. / Wczesne wyniki rewizji endoprotezy stawu biodrowego za pomoca trzpienia modularnego Restoration.

UNLABELLED: There is an increasing number of hip joint arthroplasty procedures all over the world which are followed by revision surgery. The cases of severe bone loss and periprosthetic fractures revision of a stem can constitue a serious challenge even for an experienced orthopedic surgeon. MATERIAL: In the research material there are 18 patients 6-50 months after the stem of the hip prosthesis revision with Stryker Restoration modular stem. METHODS: Clinical evaluation according to HHS protocol, the quality of life measured with SF-36 form, and physical activity evaluated using UCLA score. The methods are also AP and X-Ray of both hips and lateral X-ray of revised hip with osteolysis around stem, stem subsidence, and difference in leg length evaluation, as well as the comparison of hip offsets. RESULTS: Mean HHS score was 78.6 pts, mean SF-36 based quality of life 50.5 pts, and the mean UCLA 4.72. Radiolucent zones around the stem were observed in several cases which were correlated with the stem subsidence. CONCLUSION: The clinical results in this study are similar to those from the literature, and slightly lower than of the patients after primary hip arthroplasty, particularly in function measuring subscales. The quality of life scores of our patients was significantly lower than reported by other authors in cases of hip revision arthroplasty. There was no case of aseptic loosening. Further observation of the patients considering osteolysis and its relation to stem subsidence is needed.

[Porous tantalum modular cups in revision hip arthroplasty]. / Zastosowanie modularnych komponentów z porowatego tantalu w endoprotezoplastyce rewizyjnej panewki stawu biodrowego.

INTRODUCTION: Modem indications for use of cemented or uncemented implants in revision hip arthroplasty are comparable. The use of bone cement provides predictable short term results, but the lack of osteointegration deteriorates its long term durability. Uncemented implants undergo osteointegration, but reduced contact with host bone may cause early loosening. Modular porous tantalum implants are highly osteointegrative, and the availability of bone stock augments increases the versatility of this system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 20 patients (21 hips) who underwent a revision hip arthroplasty using Trabecular Metal acetabular revision system. The follow-up period was between 7 and 31 months (average 20 months). All patients were evaluated with HHS and conventional radiography. RESULTS: The mean HHS increased form40.45 (range 18.74-56.65) preoperatively to 78.8 (56.5-96) at the last follow-up. No mechanical failures, nor septic complications were noted.

[Operative treatment of femoro-acetabular impingement in hip joint]. / Operacyjne leczenie konfliktu szyjkowo-panewkowego stawu biodrowego.

For many years early treatment of degenerative joint disease in hip joint included only conservative procedures or extraarticular surgery eg. pertrochanteric osteotomy, acetabular roof reconstruction. Discovery of femoro-acetabular impingement mechanism opened space for new advanced operative techniques. For the last few years these techniques are mastered using arthroscopic approach as well as open joint surgery. In this paper we are describing technique with osteotomy of the greater trochanter and joint luxation for open treatment of femoro-acetabular impingement.

Total hip arthroplasty following Ganz periacetabular osteotomy. Cases study.

The Ganz periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is currently the most popular hip-sparing procedure in adults with acetabular dysplasia. If this procedure fails and a total hip arthroplasty is necessary, spatial reorientation of the acetabulum alters the conditions of implanting the acetabular component of the prosthesis. In our study, we present two cases of total hip arthroplasty in patients who had undergone PAO.

[Rehabilitation after operative treatment with hip joint preservation in adults--own experience]. / Postepowanie rehabilitacyjne po leczeniu operacyjnym z zachowaniem stawu biodrowego u doroslych--doswiadczenia wlasne.

In the past, the procedure for rehabilitation after hip surgery, related to the long immobilization of the operated joint, was often delayed and limited in time. Today's surgical procedures and rehabilitation allows for a quicker return to full physical fitness. Postoperative physiotherapy is mainly focused on regaining full joint function (range of motion--ROM, strength, stability). The rehabilitation program must be a dynamic process, dosed up to the possibility of the patient, depending on the type of procedure performed. Rehabilitation must take into account not only the type of procedure performed intraarticular, but also surgical approach. Rehabilitation after surgery requiring dislocation of the hip by osteotomy with simultaneous artrotomii trochanter must take into account the time required for the stable union. Range of motion exercises begin in the first days after surgery using a continous passive movement (CPM) and passive exercises, and later a stationary bicycle. Menaging patients after treatment of CAM type femoroacetabular impingement is dependent on the degree of bone resection performed within the femur. In the treatment of Pincer-type f emoroacetabular impingement, as well as injuries of the hip labrum rehabilitation proceedings must take into account the location and the area of pathology. Rehabilitation after surgery for articular cartilage (chondroplasty or osteoplasty) in the first period is mainly focused on the avoidance of intraarticular conflicts in the reconstruction of the full ROM.

[Pedobarographic evaluation of the foot after Keller's procedure for Hallux valgus and Hallux rigidus]. / Ocena pedobarograficzna stopy po operacji palucha koslawego i sztywnego metoda Kellera.

Hallux valgus and hallux rigidus are common foot deformities. One of possible procedures is Keller's surgery. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of pedobarography for postoperative evaluation of the foot. Group. We examined 54 patients aged 48 to 82 (average 60.4) after surgical treatment of Hallux valgus (78 feet) or Hallux Rigidus (15 feet). Methods. Retrospective pedobarographic evaluation 1 to 11 years after surgery was performed using PEL-38 system. Clinical results. All patients had markedly increased pressure under the 2nd and 3rd metatarsal heads comparing to other forefoot regions. Only 17% of feet had distal dynamic transverse arch during stance phase of gait. There was severe impairment of function of the great toe in entire group. In 82.7% of feet there was no ground contact of the great toe in dynamic evaluation of the stance phase. Conclusion. Pedobarographic examination has good value in postoperative functional assessment of the foot. It's a valuable addition to physical and radiological examination.

Early acute phase response following total hip replacement.

BACKGROUND: The acute phase proteins are commonly known universal markers of the inflammatory process. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the acute phase response in the first 6 months THR. The secondary aim was to check if the type of hip replacement affects the acute phase response. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 40 patients who underwent THA using uncemented (20) and cemented (20) endoprostheses. The concentrations of C-reactive protein, alpha-glycoprotein, and alpha-1-antichymotripsin, and microheterogeneity of AGP were evaluated. RESULTS: The blood levels of the acute phase proteins CRP, AGP, ACT rose significantly at 2 and 14 days after the surgery to return to preoperative values at 6 months after the surgery. The V3 variant of microheterogeneity of AGP, absent under normal conditions, and representative of acute inflammation, was found in a few patients preoperatively. In postoperative evaluations, it was found in the vast majority of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of the profiles of the glycosylation of AGP shows that the presence of the acute inflammatory response immediately following total hip replacement, which later changes into persistent chronic inflammation, is more pronounced in patients receiving cemented endoprosthesis.

[Physical activity and quality of life following total uncemented hip replacement and hip resurfacing]. / Aktywnosc fizyczna i jakosc zycia po endoprotezoplastyce bezcementowej oraz kapoplastyce stawu biodrowego.

INTRODUCTION: The influence of physical activity on the survival of total hip replacement remains not fully recognized. It is unclear which activities are beneficient for patients following THR. MATERIAL: The study was conducted on group of 87 patients (94 hips) following uncemented THR with ABGII/Trident and 45 patients (51 hips) following hip resurfacing. The follow-up period was 6-30 months for THR group and 6-42 months for resurfacing group. METHODS: The patients answered a questionnaire based on WOMAC and SF-36 score, UCLA activity scale with additional questions concerning patients physical activity, working and place of living. RESULTS: In WOMAC, physical domains of SF-36 and UCLA activity score patients following hip resurfacing showed better results. The most preferred activity in both groups was exercise walking and biking. The last one was particularly preferred by patients living in rural areas. CONCLUSION: The vast majority of patients restricted their activity to disciplines with a safe range of hip weight bearing.

[Acute phase response following total hip replacement and in patients with aseptic loosening]. / Odpowiedz ostrej fazy po endoprotezoplastyce stawu biodrowego i w aseptycznym obluzowaniu implantu.

INTRODUCTION: Aseptic loosening is a result of the chronic inflammatory reaction in periprosthetic tissues. Its intensity depends on the implants construction material and reactivity of the host's tissues. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the acute phase proteins in various periods following total hip replacement and comparison between acute phase response observed in patients with well-functioning implants and with aseptic loosening. MATERIAL: The study group consisted of 97 patients following THR due to the hip osteoarthritis. Patients of Group I were evaluated before the surgery and 6 months after primary THR. Group II consisted of patients 3-4 years after primary THR. Group consisted of patients with aseptic loosening. Patients of all groups were divided according to the implant type (cemente/uncemented). METHODS: Concentrations of evaluated acute phase proteins: C-reactive protein (CRP), transferrin (Tf) and alpha-glycoprotein were assessed using immunoelectrophoresis. RESULTS: In vast majority of patients (71-95%) following THR had present w3 variant of AGP which should be negative in physiological conditions. The average concentrations of AGP and AGP-RC were higher in patients following cemented THR. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of the endoprosthesis raises a chronic inflammatory reaction expressed by changes in the profiles of acute phase proteins. This process is more visible in patients following cemented THR. The profiles of the acute phase proteins in patients with aseptic loosening were not different than those observed in patients with well-functioning implants, what makes them useless as a diagnostic tool for loosening. This lack of differences may be caused by adaptation of the generalised response to long lasting process of aseptic loosening

[The hip joints of preterm neonates in sonographic evaluation]. / Stawy biodrowe wczesniaków w ocenie ultrasonograficznej.

The introduction of sonography to the evalution of the hip joint, allowed for the non-invasive examination in preterm neonates and thus assessment of the development their hip joints. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The examined group consisted of 143 preterm neonates with the body weight by delivery lower then 2000 grams (286 hip joints) and the control group of 31 children from term delveries forming the control group. The sonographic examination was conducted stricktly according to the rules presented by Graf. First examination was performed averagely in the 3rd week of life, second avg. in the 14th, third in avg. the 23rd, fourth avg inthe 33r week of life. Wyniki. In the first examination, done in the 3rd week of life it was noticed that highest rate of the hips Ia appeared in the group I (newborns with the lowest bogy weight), and together with the increase in body weight the incidence of such hips decreased, when the incidence of type IIa hips increased at the same time. At the final examination no statistically significant differences were found between the hip joints and no dysplastic hips were found. Wnioski. According to our results, we found that preterm delivery is not a risk factor for the developmetal hip dysplasia.

[Osteoarthritis secondary to the developmental hip dysplasia-treatment options in young patients]. / Choroba zwyrodnieniowa stawu biodrowego na tle rozwojowej dysplazji--mozliwosci leczenia operacyjnego mlodych chorych.

The choice of the treatment method in young patients with osteoarthritis secondary to the developmental hip dyplasia is one of the most difficult dilemmas in orthopaedic practice. Currently total cementless hip replacement with metal-on-metal articulation is a routine procedure. Young patients are particularly exposed to the risk of aseptic loosening due to their high activity and long duration of life with implant. Basing on our material, using selected clinical cases, options for treatment of OA secondary to DHD were presented. The paper presents the progress of OA seconary to DHD treated in childhood and its subsequent treatment using intertrochanteric osteotomy without changing the neck-shaft angle, intertrochanteric osteotomy combined with shelf procedures, isolated shelf procedures and periacetabular osteotomies according to Ganz. Both satisfactory results with pain relief for any years so like negative ones with total lack of improvement were shown. Presented options for treatment alternative to THR may be helpful in determining the individual management in young adults.

Neutrophils are active in total joint implant loosening.

BACKGROUND: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are the first cells to take part in the local foreign body reaction in aseptic loosening of endoprostheses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic host reaction to total joint replacement by measuring the production of nitric oxide by neutrophils before and after total joint replacement. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Blood samples were collected from 33 patients (27 hips and 6 knees) before surgery, and 2 weeks, 2 months and 2.5-3 years after surgery. The levels of nitric oxide produced by PMN were measured by the method described by Markert et al. (1994). RESULTS: Patients reporting pain in the region of the implant 3 years after surgery, and also patients with radiographic signs of loosening, had higher production of NO in the early period and 3 years after the implantation than those with good clinical results. INTERPRETATION: We propose that elevated levels of nitric oxide production by PMNs may serve as a marker of total joint prosthesis loosening.

[Monitoring of IL-6 levels in patients after total hip joint replacement]. / Monitorowanie stezenia interleukiny 6 u chorych po implantacji endoprotez stawów.

Total hip replacement became a method of choice in treatment of the severe osteoarthritis. Despite the progress in constructing the implants and also the surgical technique, the number of complications rises together with the number of arthroplasties performed. The periprosthetic osteolysis and its consequence--the loosening is the one of the greatest problems of today's joint replacement. It creates the main obstacle for the long-term efficiency of the total hip arthroplasty. It was proved by the numerous research, wear debris of the implant induce the chronic periprosthetic inflammatory process. Many studies emphasize the influence of the proinflammatory cytokines on the bone metabolism. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the inflammatory process in patients with the severe osteoarthritis before the surgery and in subsequent periods after total hip replacements and also in patients with the aseptic loosening of the endoprosthesis, by the monitoring the levels of IL-6 in serum of the peripheral blood. The results suggest, that in patients following THA with the elevated level of IL-6, the inflammatory process was present. This inflammation may lead in future to the aseptic loosening of the implant.

Evaluation of the operative treatment of the developmental hip dislocation performed second year of life.

Background. Both conservative and surgical treatment are applied in the treatment of developmental hip dislocation in the second year of life. Our study to evaluated the results of surgical treatment at this age using open reduction combined with transiliac osteotomy and translation of the distal insertion of the iliopsoas muscle. Material and methods. The analyzed group consisted of 21 hip joints. The mean follow-up was 6 years (2-11 years). The age of the patients at surgery was 13 -24 months, average 18 months. Results. According to Severin's classification scheme 71% of the patients had excellent results and 29% good. However, when the analyzed joints were evaluated according to our classification scheme, the results were significantly worse: 29% excellent, 48% good, 23% satisfactory. The difference between the results was caused by parameters not included in Severin's classification: neck-shaft angle and neck centering angl. The true antetorsion angle was decreased in the final examination in comparison to preoperative results. The mean head-metaphyseal index of Kruczynski averaged 120.61% of normal in the whole group, and values higher than 120% were found in 13 cases (62%). Conclusions. The described method of treatment provided stable reduction with good coverage of the femoral head by the acetabular roof in more than 90% of cases. The problem of increased neck-shaft angle and neck centering angle occurring in 25% of cases remains unsolved. The antetorsion angle is still high in some cases at follow-up.