[The application of microsatellite markers for parentage determination in selective breeding of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)].

Used simulations and controlled mating to examine the potential of microsatellite markers in assigning parentage to Pacific white shrimp progeny. Cervus simulations demonstrated that the theoretical expectations for parentage exclusion of 10 microsatellite loci and six most polymorphic of the 10 loci were both 0.99, and the assignment success rate of the 6 most polymorphic microsatellite loci set was nearly to 0.97 with 95% confidence. Based on this information, offspring from 10 crosses where parents were known were genotyped by the 6 microsatellite loci and used for parentage analysis. The result showed that assignment success of the progeny to their 'true' mother and father was 88% and 78% respectively, which were lower than predicted by the Cervus simulations. This could be explained by the existence of null or mutant alleles and by Taq DNA Polymerase slippage in the microsatellite loci.

Molecular cloning and response to laminarin stimulation of arginine kinase in haemolymph in Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis.

Arginine kinase (AK) was previously reported as a phosphagen-ATP phosphotransferase found in invertebrates. In this study, an 1184 bp cDNA was cloned and sequenced. It contained an open reading frame of 1068 bp that coded for 356 deduced amino acids of AK in Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The calculated molecular mass of AK is 40129.73 Da and pI is 5.92. The predicted protein showed a high level of identity to known AK in invertebrates and creatine kinase from vertebrates, which belong to a conserved family of ATP:guanidino phospho-transferases. In addition, AK protein in plasma of F. chinensis was identified using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) according to the calculated molecular mass and pI. AK was significantly decreased in the plasma of F. chinensis at 45 min and recovered at 3 h after laminarin injection as confirmed by 2DE and ESI-MS. The results showed that AK was one of the most significantly changed proteins on two-dimensional gel in the plasma proteins of F. chinensis at 45 min and 3 h after simulation.