ABSTRACT
A hyphenated electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) was developed for providing a high-resolution, real-time quantitative analysis on the metal-organic framework (MOF) colloids produced via the concept of microfluidic flow chemistry. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 was chosen as the representative MOF of the study. The results show that the physical size and number concentration of the MOF colloid were successfully characterized by the hyphenated ES-DMA during the microdroplet synthetic process, with 3 nm and 4% of measurement uncertainties, respectively. The effects of the synthetic temperature and the molar ratio of the organic linker to metal precursor were investigated, providing an opportunity for accurate control on the particle size (100-200 nm) of the microdroplet-synthesized MOF. The work demonstrates a powerful approach for the real-time quality assurance and material optimization in microdroplet synthesis of colloidal MOFs.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pre-exercise high carbohydrate meals with high glycemic index (HGI) or low glycemic index (LGI) on blood leukocyte redistribution during subsequent endurance exercise. Eight male subjects performed a 90-min run on a treadmill at 70 % VO2max 3 h after ingesting an isocaloric HGI or LGI meal with GI values of 77 and 37, respectively. Blood counts of leukocytes, and neutrophils and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were significantly lower in LGI than HGI at 90 min of exercise (P < 0.05). The plasma glucose concentrations were significantly higher in LGI than HGI between 15 min and 45 min of exercise. There were, however, no differences in plasma cortisol, growth hormone, and interleukin-6 concentrations between trials. Thus, the GI of a pre-exercise meal influences leukocyte trafficking and plasma glucose but has limited effects on circulating stress hormone and cytokine responses to exercise.
