[Clinical characteristics and literature review of ectopic gastric mucosa in the small intestine].

The study aims to summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with ectopic gastric mucosa in the small intestine, comparing clinical presentation differences between domestic and foreign patients through literature review. The clinical characteristics of cases diagnosed with ectopic gastric mucosa in the small intestine at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to January 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. By searching databanks, such as PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang, VIP, CNKI, and etc (the inclusion period was from the establishment of the database to January 1, 2024). The literature review was conducted on ectopic gastric mucosa in the small intestine. A total of 10 cases were included, all male, age [M (Q1, Q3)] was 27 (13-69) years old. Gastrointestinal bleeding was the first manifestation in most cases, with severe cases leading to hemorrhagic shock. Abdominal CT indicated local intestinal wall thickening and luminal narrowing in 3 cases. Four cases lesions were located at the beginning of the jejunum and 6 lesions were located in the end segment of ileum. All cases underwent local lesion resection, with postoperative pathology confirming ectopic gastric mucosa. Symptoms disappeared postoperatively, with a follow-up period of 0.5-3.0 years. Literature review indicates that the main clinical manifestation of gastric mucosa ectopia in the small intestine in China is gastrointestinal bleeding, while foreign patients are often complicated with intestinal duplication and intussusception, with abdominal pain and vomiting as the primary and main symptoms. The occurrence rate of intestinal obstruction in female patients, both domestically and abroad, is higher than that in male patients. The occurrence rate of ileal lesions with intestinal obstruction and small intestinal duplication is higher than that of duodenal lesions in both domestic and foreign patients. Local small intestine resection is an effective treatment method with generally good prognosis. Ectopic small intestinal mucosa is relatively rare, with symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding and intestinal obstruction being common presentations, which can serve as one of the differential diagnoses for unexplained gastrointestinal bleeding.

[Challenges and prospects in the application of artificial intelligence for ocular disease screening and diagnosis].

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have experienced substantial growth across various sectors, with significant strides made particularly in medical AI through advancements such as large models. The application of AI within the field of ophthalmology can enhance the accuracy of eye disease screening and diagnosis. However, the deployment of AI and its large models in ophthalmology still encounters numerous limitations and challenges. This article builds upon the transformative achievements in the medical AI sector and discusses the ongoing challenges faced by AI applications in ophthalmology. It provides forward-looking insights from an ophthalmic perspective regarding the era of large models and anticipates research trends in AI applications in ophthalmology, so as to foster the continuous advancement of AI technologies, thereby significantly promoting eye health.

Picosecond Spin Current Generation from Vicinal Metal-Antiferromagnetic Insulator Interfaces.

We report the picosecond spin current generation from the interface between a heavy metal and a vicinal antiferromagnet insulator Cr_{2}O_{3} by laser pulses at room temperature and zero magnetic field. It is converted into a detectable terahertz emission in the heavy metal via the inverse spin Hall effect. The vicinal interfaces are apparently the source of the picosecond spin current, as evidenced by the proportional terahertz signals to the vicinal angle. We attribute the origin of the spin current to the transient magnetic moment generated by an interfacial nonlinear magnetic-dipole difference-frequency generation. We propose a model based on the in-plane inversion symmetry breaking to quantitatively explain the terahertz intensity with respect to the angles of the laser polarization and the film azimuth. Our work opens new opportunities in antiferromagnetic and ultrafast spintronics by considering symmetry breaking.

[Antioxidant activity of Euryale ferox seed shell extract and its therapeutic effects on oral ulcer in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of Euryale ferox seed shell extract on oral ulcer in rats and its underlying mechanism. METHODS: The contents of polyphenols and flavonoids in Euryale ferox seed shells were determined by Folin-phenol assay and aluminum nitrate colorimetry, respectively. DPPH·, ABTS+·, ·OH and·O2- scavenging experiments were performed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Euryale ferox seed shell extract in vitro. In a rat model of oral ulcer induced by burning with glacial acetic acid, the therapeutic effect of Euryale ferox seed shell extract was assessed by detecting changes in serum levels of oxidative factors by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and observing pathological changes of the ulcerous mucosa using HE staining; the therapeutic mechanism of the extract was explored by detecting the expression levels of Keap1, Nrf2, Nes-Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in ulcerous mucosa using Western blotting. RESULTS: The ethyl acetate extract of Euryale ferox seed shells contained 306.74±1.04 mg/g polyphenols and 23.43±0.61 mg/g flavonoids and had IC50 values for scavenging DPPH· and ABTS+· free radicals of 3.42 ± 0.97 µg/mL and 3.32 ± 0.90 µg/mL, respectively. In the rat models, the ethyl acetate extract significantly ameliorated oral mucosal ulcer, increased serum CAT level, and decreased serum MDA level. The protein expression levels of Nes-Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased and Keap1 protein expression was lowered significantly in the ulcerous mucosa of the rats after treatment with the extract (P<0.05 or 0.01). CONCLUSION: The therapeutic effect of Euryale ferox seed shell extract on oral ulcers in rats is mediated probably by activation of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

[Correlation study between brain damage and anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome using diffusional kurtosis imaging].

Objective: To explore the brain white matter damage in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS) using diffusional kurtosis imaging(DKI), and to analyze its relationship with anxiety, depression and cognitive impairment in patients. Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study. Fifty confirmed cases (47 males and 3 females) of moderate to severe OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography(PSG) from November 2017 to December 2022 were selected as OSAHS group(age range from 22 to 65 years old, with median age of 40 years old), and 32 healthy controls(27 males and 5 females) of non-OSAHS diagnosed by PSG were selected as control group(age range from 19 to 56 years old, with median age of 34 years old). DKI scanning, Beck Anxiety Inventory(BAI), Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ(BDI-Ⅱ), and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA) scores were performed in all subjects. Differences in kurtosis fractional anisotropy(KFA) of various brain regions were compared between the two groups to identify differential brain regions. Correlations were analyzed between KFA reduction and anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment in OSAHS patients. To study the correlation between brain injury and anxiety, depressive mood, and cognitive dysfunction, statistical methods such as non-parametric tests for two independent samples, chi-square tests, and partial correlation analysis, were used to analyze the evaluation indicators of the two groups. Results: The KFA values in right external capsule, left anterior corona radiata, right anterior corona radiata, left posterior corona radiata, right posterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, right superior corona radiata, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, genu of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, posterior cingulate gyrus of moderate to severe OSAHS group were all lower than those in the control group(t=-2.247, -3.028, -3.955, -4.871, -2.632, -2.594, -2.121, -2.167, -3.129, -2.015, -2.317, -2.313, -2.152,P<0.05). For the moderate to severe OSAHS group, the correlation between AHI and KFA values of right posterior corona radiata, right superior corona radiata, left anterior corona radiata, left posterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, genu of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum were all negative(r=-0.378, -0.307, -0.337, -0.343, -0.341, -0.613, -0.390, -0.384, -0.396, P<0.05). The correlation between LSO2 and KFA values of right anterior corona radiata, right posterior corona radiata, right superior corona radiata, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, left anterior corona radiata, left posterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, genu of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum, posterior cingulate gyrus were all positive(r=0.330, 0.338, 0.425, 0.312, 0.433, 0.358, 0.410, 0.459, 0.473, 0.659, 0.489, 0.356, P<0.05). The correlation between BAI scores and KFA values of right external capsule, right anterior corona radiata, left posterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum were all negative(r=-0.306, -0.372, -0.296, -0.346, -0.318, -0.386, P<0.05). The correlation between BDI-Ⅱ scores and KFA values of right superior corona radiata, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, left anterior corona radiata, genu of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum were all negative(r=-0.334, -0.289, -0.309, -0.310, -0.503, -0.469, P<0.05). The correlation between MoCA scores and KFA values of right posterior corona radiata, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, left anterior corona radiata, left superior corona radiata, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, genu of corpus callosum, body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum were all positive(r=0.368, 0.431, 0.324, 0.410, 0.469, 0.384, 0.369, 0.309, P<0.05). Conclusions: With the aggravation of OSAHS, the damage to some brain regions becomes more pronounced in moderate to severe OSAHS patients. These damage brain functional areas are closely related to the anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment of patients.

[Analysis of compliance with lung protective mechanical ventilation strategy in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome].

Objective: To assess the compliance with a lung protective ventilation strategy and to evaluate the relationship with prognosis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: In the prospective multicenter cohort study (CHARDS), patients with ARDS undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation were enrolled to collect essential information, mechanical ventilation data, and prognostic data. Compliance was operationally defined as tidal volume ≤7 ml/kg predicted body weight (PBW) or plateau pressure ≤30 cmH2O or driving pressure≤15 cmH2O. Tidal volume data collected 7 days prior to ventilation after ARDS diagnosis were categorized into four groups: standard group (Group A, 100% compliance), non-standard group (Group B, 50%-99% compliance, Group C,1%-49% compliance,and Group D,totally non-compliant). Plateau pressure and drive pressure measurements were recorded on the first day. Stepwise regression, specifically Logistics regression, was used to identify the factors influencing ICU survival. Results: A total of 449 ARDS patients with invasive mechanical ventilation were included; the proportion of mild, moderate, and severe patients was 71 (15.8%), 198 (44.1%) and 180 (40.1%), respectively. During the first 7 days, a total of 2880 tidal volume measurements were recorded with an average tidal volume of (6.89±1.93) ml/kg PBW. Of these measurements, 53.2% were found to be≤7 ml/kg PBW. The rates of compliance with lung protective mechanical ventilation were 29.8% (134/449), 24.5% (110/449), 23.6% (106/449), and 22% (99/449) in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. In the standard group, the tidal volume for mild ARDS patients was 18.3%(13/71), while it was 81.7%(58/71)in the non-standard group. Similarly, in patients with moderate ARDS, the tidal volume was 25.8% (51/198) in the standard group, while it was 74.2% (147/198) in the non-standard group. Finally, in patients with severe ARDS, the tidal volume was 38.9% (70/180) in the standard group, while it was 61.1% (110/180) in the non-standard group. Notably, the compliance rate was higher in patients with moderate and severe ARDS in group A compared to patients with mild and moderate ARDS (18.3% vs. 25.8% vs. 38.9%, χ2=13.124, P=0.001). Plateau pressure was recorded in 221 patients, 95.9% (212/221) patients with plateau pressure≤30 cmH2O, and driving pressure was recorded in 207 patients, 77.8% (161/207) patients with a driving pressure ≤15 cmH2O.During the first 7 days, the mortality rate in the intensive care unit (ICU) was lower in the tidal volume standard group compared to the non-standard group (34.6% vs. 51.3%, χ2=10.464, P=0.001). In addition, the in-hospital mortality rate was lower in the standard group compared to the non-standard group (39.8% vs. 57%, χ2=11.016, P=0.001).The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the mortality rates of moderate and severe ARDS patients in the standard group were significantly lower than those in the non-standard group, both in the ICU and in the hospital (all P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in mortality among mild ARDS patients (all P>0.05). Conclusions: There was high compliance with recommended lung protective mechanical ventilation strategies in ARDS patients, with slightly lower compliance in patients with mild ARDS, and high compliance rates for plateau and drive pressures. The tidal volume full compliance group had a lower mortality than the non-compliance group, and showed a similar trend in the moderate-to-severe ARDS subgroup, but there was no significant correlation between compliance and prognosis in patients with mild ARDS subgroup.

[Clinical diagnostic practices for Chinese developmental dyslexia].

Objective: To explore the optimization of the standardized assessment tool for clinical diagnosis of Chinese developmental dyslexia (DD). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to December 2023, in which 130 primary school children in grades 1 to 3 with clinical signs of literacy lag and positive screening results on the screening scales were recruited from the outpatient clinic of Child Health Care Medical Division, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Chinese dyslexia screening behavior checklist for primary students (CDSBC) was used as the screening scales, and supplemented by dyslexia checklist for Chinese children. Referring to the standard procedure of the"expert advice on diagnosis and intervention of Chinese developmental dyslexia", the developmental dyslexia scale for standard mandarin (DDSSM) was used to evaluate the children's literacy-related cognitive abilities and conduct the diagnostic assessment, and divided the children into learning backward group and the DD group. The t-test and χ2 test were used to compare the differences in the distribution of intelligence, literacy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder between the two groups. Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the scores for each cognitive ability in the DDSSM and the CDSBC. Results: Of the 130 children, 90 were male, aged (8.3±1.0) years; 40 were female, aged (8.1±0.9) years. A final diagnosis of DD was made in 59 cases, of which 41 were males. There was no statistically significant difference in operational intelligence quotient (101±15 vs.100±15, t=0.53, P>0.05) and statistically significant difference in literacy of DDSSM (32±5 vs.21±4, t=11.56, P<0.001) between the learning backward group and the DD group. Eighteen cases (25.4%) of the learning backward group were children with attention deficit subtype attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD-I), and 16 cases (27.1%) in DD group, the difference in incidence between the two groups was not statistically significant (χ2=0.05, P>0.05). There were correlations between the DDSSM (for oral vocabulary, morphological awareness and orthographic awareness) and the CDSBC total score (r=-0.42, -0.32, -0.35, all P<0.01), but the correlations for visuospatial perception and rapid automatized naming with CDSBC total score were not statistically significant (r=-0.09 and -0.20,both P>0.05). Conclusion: For literacy-related cognitive abilities, screening scales CDSBC are not sufficiently useful for assessment, so the introduction of standardized assessment tools DDSSM is an optimization of the clinical diagnosis of Chinese DD, which is crucial for achieving accurate diagnosis and intervention.

Visual supplementation is an effective tool in cataract surgery counselling by eye-care practitioners.

BACKGROUND: Informed consent constitutes an important aspect of eye care. However, patients often experience difficulties understanding and retaining information presented to them during consultations. This study investigates the efficacy of pictorial aids in supplementing preoperative counselling of patients undergoing cataract surgery. METHODS: Patients attending routine pre-cataract surgery counselling were randomized to receive either a standard verbal consultation (control) or a verbal consultation with a digitalized pictorial aid illustrating key surgical steps (intervention). Patients were assessed after the consultation on their knowledge, satisfaction, anxiety and preparedness using an anonymous questionnaire. RESULTS: Seventy-six patients were recruited and randomized into the control and intervention groups. The intervention group attained better Knowledge Scores (control: 5 [2-6] vs. intervention: 6 [6]), and more patients "strongly agreed" that they were more prepared (control: 78.9% vs. intervention: 97.4%, P=0.028). A higher proportion of patients in the control group either "disagreed" or "neither disagree nor agreed (neutral)" that they were less worried (control: 15.8% vs. intervention: 0.0%, Fisher's Exact Test P=0.025). Although the consultation duration was shorter in the intervention group (21±4mins vs. 27±6mins, P<0.001), the use of digital pictorial aids during consultation resulted in more effective counselling with increased patient knowledge, easier decision-making process and reduced patient anxiety. CONCLUSION: Pictorial aids add to the repository of tools available to eye-care practitioners and are low-cost, easy to implement, and can effectively augment existing preoperative counselling processes to ensure accurate and effective preoperative counselling of patients.

Ion Kinetics and Neutron Generation Associated with Electromagnetic Turbulence in Laboratory-Scale Counterstreaming Plasmas.

Electromagnetic turbulence and ion kinetics in counterstreaming plasmas hold great significance in laboratory astrophysics, such as turbulence field amplification and particle energization. Here, we quantitatively demonstrate for the first time how electromagnetic turbulence affects ion kinetics under achievable laboratory conditions (millimeter-scale interpenetrating plasmas with initial velocity of 2000 km/s, density of 4×10^{19} cm^{-3}, and temperature of 100 eV) utilizing a recently developed high-order implicit particle-in-cell code without scaling transformation. It is found that the electromagnetic turbulence is driven by ion two-stream and filamentation instabilities. For the magnetized scenarios where an applied magnetic field of tens of Tesla is perpendicular to plasma flows, the growth rates of instabilities increase with the strengthening of applied magnetic field, which therefore leads to a significant enhancement of turbulence fields. Under the competition between the stochastic acceleration due to electromagnetic turbulence and collisional thermalization, ion distribution function shows a distinct super-Gaussian shape, and the ion kinetics are manifested in neutron yields and spectra. Our results have well explained the recent unmagnetized experimental observations, and the findings of magnetized scenario can be verified by current astrophysical experiments.

An Acid-Responsive Iron-Based Nanocomposite for OSCC Treatment.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, characterized by invasiveness, local lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Traditional treatment and medications have limitations, making the specific inhibition of OSCC growth, invasion, and metastasis a challenge. The tumor microenvironment exhibits mildly acidity and high concentrations of H2O2, and its exploitation for cancer treatment has been widely researched across various cancers, but research in the oral cancer field is relatively limited. In this study, by loading ultra-small Prussian blue nanoparticles (USPBNPs) into mesoporous calcium-silicate nanoparticles (MCSNs), we developed an acid-responsive iron-based nanocomposite, USPBNPs@MCSNs (UPM), for the OSCC treatment. UPM demonstrated excellent dual enzyme activities, generating toxic ·OH in a mildly acidic environment, effectively killing OSCC cells and producing O2 in a neutral environment to alleviate tissue hypoxia. The results showed that UPM could effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells, as well as the growth of mice solid tumors, without obvious systemic toxicity. The mechanisms may involve UPM inducing ferroptosis of OSCC cells by downregulating the xCT/GPX4/glutathione (GSH) axis, characterized by intracellular iron accumulation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, GSH depletion, lipid peroxidation, and abnormal changes in mitochondrial morphology. Therefore, this study provides empirical support for ferroptosis as an emerging therapeutic target for OSCC and offers a valuable insight for future OSCC treatment.

[Efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 21 patients with Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-ALL) . Methods: Patients with Ph-ALL who underwent CAR-T therapy followed by allo-HSCT from March 2018 to August 2023 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of the 21 patients, 14 were male and 7 were female. The median age at the time of CAR-T therapy was 22 (6-50) years. Seven patients had ABL1-like rearrangements, and 14 had JAK-STAT rearrangements. Prior to CAR-T therapy, 12 patients experienced hematologic relapse; 7 were multiparameter flow cytometry minimal residual disease (MFC-MRD) -positive and 2 were MFC-MRD-negative. CAR-T cells were derived from patients' autologous lymphocytes. Nine patients were treated with CD19 CAR-T cells, and 12 were treated with CD19/CD22 CAR-T cells. After assessment on day 28 after CAR-T therapy, 95.2% of the patients achieved complete remission, with an MRD-negative remission rate of 75%. Nineteen patients developed grade 0-2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and 2 patients suffered grade 3 CRS, all cases of which resolved after treatment. All patients underwent allo-HSCT after CAR-T therapy. The median time from CAR-T therapy to allo-HSCT was 63 (38-114) days. Five patients experienced relapse after CAR-T therapy, including four with hematologic relapse and one with molecular relapse. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates in the ABL1 and JAK-STAT groups were (83.3±15.2) % and (66.6±17.2) %, respectively (P=0.68) . The 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates were (50.0±20.4) % and (55.6±15.4) % in the ABL1 and JAK-STAT groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in 3-year OS or RFS between the two groups. Conclusions: CAR-T therapy followed by allo-HSCT leads to rapid remission in most patients with Ph-ALL and prolongs leukemia-free survival.

An analysis of emerging food safety and fraud risks of novel insect proteins within complex supply chains.

Food consumption play a crucial role in human life, yet conventional food production and consumption patterns can be detrimental to the environment. Thus, research and development has been directed towards alternative proteins, with edible insects being promising sources. Edible insects have been recognised for their sustainable benefits providing protein, with less emission of greenhouse gas, land and water usage compared to sources, such as beef, chicken, and dairy products. Among the over 2000 known edible insect species, only four, namely yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), migratory locust/grasshopper (Locusta migratoria), grain mould beetle, also known as lesser mealworm which is a larval form of Alphitobius diaperinus (from the family of Tenebrionidae of darkling beetles) and house cricket (Acheta domesticus), are currently authorised in specific products through specific producers in the EU. The expansion of such foods into Western diets face challenges such as consumer barriers, gaps in microbiological and chemical safety hazard data during production and processing, and the potential for fraudulent supply chain activity. The main aim of this study was to map the supply chain, through interviews with personnel along the supply chain, coupled with searches for relevant publications and governmental documents. Thus, the main potential points of food safety and fraud along the edible insect supply chain were identified. Feed substrate was identified as the main area of concern regarding microbiological and chemical food safety and novel processing techniques were forecast to be of most concern for future fraudulent activity. Despite the on-going authorisation of insect species in many countries there are substantial food safety and authenticity information gaps in this industry that need to be addressed before edible insects can be viewed as a safe and sustainable protein sources by Western consumers.

[Clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis analysis of gray zone lymphoma].

To explore the clinical and pathological characteristics as well as therapies and prognosis of gray zone lymphoma (GZL). The clinical data of 10 GZL patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from December 2016 to December 2022 were retrospectively collected. The clinical and pathological characteristics, therapies and prognosis were analyzed. The cut-off time for follow-up visits was December 31, 2022, and the median time for follow-up visits [M(Q1, Q3)] was 40.0 (28.3, 59.8) months. Treatment efficacy was divided into complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD).　There were 6 males and 4 females, with a median age [M(Q1, Q3)] of 33.5 (27.3-39.5) years. Among them, 8 patients had mediastinal (thymus) involvement and 7 patients were accompanied with extranodal involvement. According to Ann Arbor staging, 1 case was in the limited stage and 9 cases were in the progressive stage. The immunophenotypes of 4 patients were strong expression of CD20, expression of CD30, and no expression of CD15. The immunophenotypes of 6 patients were unequal expression of CD20 and strong expression of CD30 and CD15. One patient received classical hodgkin lymphoma(cHL)-like immunochemotherapy and only achieved PR, and then received enhanced diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)-like immunochemotherapy to achieve CR. Five patients received enhanced DLBCL-like immunochemotherapy for induction therapy and achieved CR. All 4 patients who did not achieve CR achieved CR after receiving second-line or third-line salvage therapy. All patients were given autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for consolidation therapy. One patient relapsed and died during the follow-up visit in the 33rd month, and the remaining patients currently maintained a state of sustained remission. It is found that GZL mostly occurs in young patients, mediastinal involvement is common, and diagnosis relies on pathological morphology and immunophenotype. GZL may be more sensitive to DLBCL-like intensive immune regimens. Sequential ASCT for consolidation can reduce the risk of relapse.

Dietary supplementation of proteases on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and gut microbiota of growing pigs fed sorghum-based diets.

Low-tannin sorghum is an excellent energy source in pig diets. However, sorghum contains several anti-nutritional factors that may have negative effects on nutrient digestibility. The impacts of proteases on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, and gut microbiota of growing pigs fed sorghum-based diets were studied in this study. Ninety-six pigs (20.66 ± 0.65 kg BW) were allocated into three groups (eight pens/group, four pigs/pen): (1) CON (control diet, sorghum-based diet included 66.98% sorghum), (2) PRO1 (CON + 200 mg/kg proteases), (3) PRO2 (CON + 400 mg/kg proteases) for 28 d. No differences were observed in growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients between CON and PRO1 groups. Pigs fed PRO2 diet had increased (P < 0.05) BW on d 21 and 28, and increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain during d 14-21 and the overall period compared with pigs fed CON diet. In addition, pigs fed PRO2 diet had improved (P < 0.05) ATTD of gross energy, CP, and DM compared with pigs fed CON and PRO1 diets. Pigs fed PRO2 diet had lower (P < 0.05) plasma globulin (GLB) level and higher (P < 0.05) plasma glucose, albumin (ALB) and immunoglobulin G levels, and ALB/GLB ratio than pigs fed CON and PRO1 diets. Furthermore, pigs fed PRO2 diet had decreased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota at the phylum level and increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of Prevotella_9 at the genus level. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis also showed that pigs fed PRO2 diet had significantly enriched short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, such as Subdoligranulum and Parabacteroides. In conclusion, protease supplementation at 400 mg/kg improved the growth performance of growing pigs fed sorghum-based diets, which may be attributed to the improvement of nutrient digestibility, host metabolism, immune status and associated with the altered gut microbiota profiles.

Single-crystal growth, structure and thermal transport properties of the metallic antiferromagnet Zintl-phase ß-EuIn2As2.

Zintl-phase materials have attracted significant research interest owing to the interplay of magnetism and strong spin-orbit coupling, providing a prominent material platform for axion electrodynamics. Here, we report the single-crystal growth, structure, magnetic and electrical/thermal transport properties of the antiferromagnet layer Zintl-phase compound ß-EuIn2As2. Importantly, the new layered structure of ß-EuIn2As2, in rhombohedral (R3̄m) symmetry, contains triangular layers of Eu2+ ions. The in-plane resistivity ρ(H, T) measurements reveal metal behavior with an antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition (TN ∼ 23.5 K), which is consistent with the heat capacity Cp(H, T) and magnetic susceptibility χ(H, T) measurements. Negative MR was observed in the temperature range from 2 K to 20 K with a maximum MR ratio of 0.06. Unique 4f7J = S = 7/2 Eu2+ spins were supposed magnetically order along the c-axis. The Seebeck coefficient shows a maximum thermopower |Smax| of about 40 µV K-1. The kink around 23 K in the Seebeck coefficient originates from the effect of the antiferromagnetic phase on the electron band structure, while the pronounced thermal conductivity peak at around 10 K is attributed to the phonon-phonon Umklapp scattering. The results suggest that the Eu2+ spin arrangement plays an important role in the magnetic, electrical, and thermal transport properties in ß-EuIn2As2, which might be helpful for future potential technical applications.

Regional variations in retinopathy of prematurity incidence for preterm infants <32 weeks' gestation in China.

OBJECTIVES: National-level data on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in different regions of China is insufficient. This study aimed to compare ROP incidences and care practices in different regions of China and their relationship with regional gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: All infants born at <32 weeks gestational age (GA) and admitted to 70 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, were enrolled. Hospitals were categorised into three regional groups according to geographical locations and GDP per capita from high to low: Eastern, Central, and Western China. The incidence of death or ROP, and care practices were compared among the groups. RESULTS: A total of 18,579 infants were enrolled. Median GA was 29.9 (interquartile range 28.4-31.0) weeks and birth weight was 1318.1 (317.2) g. The percentage of GA <28 weeks, complete administration of antenatal steroids, and weight gain velocity during NICU stay were highest in Eastern China and lowest in Western China (all P < 0.01). In Eastern, Central, and Western China, the rates of death or any stage of ROP were 33.3%, 38.5%, and 39.2%, respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: There were considerable regional disparities in ROP incidence in preterm infants with GA <32 weeks in China. The incidence of death or ROP ranged from high to low in Western, Central, and Eastern China.

Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Dental Pulp and Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells.

The regeneration of periodontal, periapical, and pulpal tissues is a complex process requiring the direct involvement of cells derived from pluripotent stem cells in the periodontal ligament and dental pulp. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are spatially distinct with the potential to differentiate into similar functional and phenotypic cells. We aimed to identify the cell heterogeneity of DPSCs and PDLSCs and explore the differentiation potentials of their specialized organ-specific functions using single-cell transcriptomic analysis. Our results revealed 7 distinct clusters, with cluster 3 showing the highest potential for differentiation. Clusters 0 to 2 displayed features similar to fibroblasts. The trajectory route of the cell state transition from cluster 3 to clusters 0, 1, and 2 indicated the distinct nature of cell differentiation. PDLSCs had a higher proportion of cells (78.6%) at the G1 phase, while DPSCs had a higher proportion of cells at the S and G2/M phases (36.1%), mirroring the lower cell proliferation capacity of PDLSCs than DPSCs. Our study suggested the heterogeneity of stemness across PDLSCs and DPSCs, the similarities of these 2 stem cell compartments to be potentially integrated for regenerative strategies, and the distinct features between them potentially particularized for organ-specific functions of the dental pulp and periodontal ligament for a targeted regenerative dental tissue repair and other regeneration therapies.

[Humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody as a salvage therapy for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation].

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody for steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGVHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients. Methods: A total of 64 patients with SR-aGVHD between June 2019 and October 2020 in Suchow Hopes Hematology Hospital were enrolled in this study. Humanized anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies 1 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1) were administered on days 1, 3, and 8, and then once per week according to the disease progression. Efficacy was assessed at days 7, 14, and 28 after humanized anti-CD 25 treatment. Results: Of the 64 patients with a median age of 31 (15-63) years, 38 (59.4%) were male and 26 (40.6%) were female. The overall response (OR) rate of the humanized CD25 monoclonal antibody in 64 patients with SR-aGVHD on days 7, 14, and 28 were 48.4% (31/64), 53.1% (34/64), and 79.7% (51/64), respectively. Liver involvement is an independent risk factor for poor efficacy of humanized CD25 monoclonal antibody for SR-aGVHD at day 28 (OR=9.588, 95% CI 0.004-0.291, P=0.002). The median follow-up time for all patients was 17.1 (0.2-50.8) months from the start of humanized CD25 monoclonal antibody therapy. The 1- and 2-year OS rates were 63.2% (95% CI 57.1% -69.3%) and 52.6% (95% CI 46.1% -59.1%), respectively. The 1- and 2-year DFS rates were 58.4% (95% CI 52.1% -64.7%) and 49.8% (95% CI 43.4% -56.2%), respectively. The 1- and 2-year NRM rates were 28.8% (95% CI 23.1% -34.5%) and 32.9% (95% CI 26.8% -39.0%), respectively. The results of the multifactorial analysis showed that liver involvement (OR=0.308, 95% CI 0.108-0.876, P=0.027) and GVHD grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ (OR=9.438, 95% CI 1.211-73.577, P=0.032) were independent risk factors for OS. Conclusion: Humanized CD25 monoclonal antibody has good efficacy and safety for SR-aGVHD. This study shows that SR-aGVHD with pretreatment grade Ⅲ/Ⅳ GVHD and GVHD involving the liver has poor efficacy and prognosis and requires early intervention.