A comparative plastome approach enhances the assessment of genetic variation in the Melilotus genus.

BACKGROUND: Melilotus, a member of the Fabaceae family, is a pivotal forage crop that is extensively cultivated in livestock regions globally due to its notable productivity and ability to withstand abiotic stress. However, the genetic attributes of the chloroplast genome and the evolutionary connections among different Melilotus species remain unresolved. RESULTS: In this study, we compiled the chloroplast genomes of 18 Melilotus species and performed a comprehensive comparative analysis. Through the examination of protein-coding genes, we successfully established a robust phylogenetic tree for these species. This conclusion is further supported by the phylogeny derived from single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the entire chloroplast genome. Notably, our findings revealed that M. infestus, M. siculus, M. sulcatus, and M. speciosus formed a distinct subgroup within the phylogenetic tree. Additionally, the chloroplast genomes of these four species exhibit two shared inversions. Moreover, inverted repeats were observed to have reemerged in six species within the IRLC. The distribution patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (InDels) within protein-coding genes indicated that ycf1 and ycf2 accumulated nonconservative alterations during evolutionary development. Furthermore, an examination of the evolutionary rate of protein-coding genes revealed that rps18, rps7, and rpl16 underwent positive selection specifically in Melilotus. CONCLUSIONS: We present a comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genomes of Melilotus species. This study represents the most thorough and detailed exploration of the evolution and variability within the genus Melilotus to date. Our study provides valuable chloroplast genomic information for improving phylogenetic reconstructions and making biogeographic inferences about Melilotus and other Papilionoideae species.

Role of reimbursement and Physicians' awareness in the survival of sorafenib-eligible advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

In 2008, sorafenib became the first approved systemic therapeutic agent for advanced HCC. Although its pharmacological efficacy has been established, reimbursement for such a new, high-cost drug, as well as physicians' awareness and prescription practice, likewise contribute to its clinical effectiveness. We therefore conducted a retrospective study using 38 sorafenib-eligible, advanced HCC patients when sorafenib was approved but not yet reimbursed as a control and 216 patients during the reimbursed era. Study group showed longer survival at 8.2 months versus the control's 4.9 months (p = 0.0063 hazard ratio: 0.612 [0.431 ~ 0.868], p = 0.0059). Among the 42 (19.4%) patients who survived more than 2 years, 50% had tumor rupture, and all 32 patients with portal vein tumor thrombus and/or extrahepatic metastasis received sorafenib (p = 0.003). Furthermore, during their first 2 years of HCC management, sorafenib had been given in 29.1% of the treatment courses among survivors between 2 and 5 years while it was prescribed in 55.8% among the more than 5 years survivor group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, survival of sorafenib-eligible HCC patients significantly improved after reimbursement. Patients who underwent longer sorafenib treatment had a survival advantage, except for those with tumor rupture. Reimbursement and awareness of prescriptions for a newly introduced medication therefore improve clinical effectiveness.

Deep Learning Bridged Bioactivity, Structure, and GC-HRMS-Readable Evidence to Decipher Nontarget Toxicants in Sediments.

Identifying causative toxicants in mixtures is critical, but this task is challenging when mixtures contain multiple chemical classes. Effect-based methods are used to complement chemical analyses to identify toxicants, yet conventional bioassays typically rely on an apical and/or single endpoint, providing limited diagnostic potential to guide chemical prioritization. We proposed an event-driven taxonomy framework for mixture risk assessment that relied on high-throughput screening bioassays and toxicant identification integrated by deep learning. In this work, the framework was evaluated using chemical mixtures in sediments eliciting aryl-hydrocarbon receptor activation and oxidative stress response. Mixture prediction using target analysis explained <10% of observed sediment bioactivity. To identify additional contaminants, two deep learning models were developed to predict fingerprints of a pool of bioactive substances (event driver fingerprint, EDFP) and convert these candidates to MS-readable information (event driver ion, EDION) for nontarget analysis. Two libraries with 121 and 118 fingerprints were established, and 247 bioactive compounds were identified at confidence level 2 or 3 in sediment extract using GC-qToF-MS. Among them, 12 toxicants were analytically confirmed using reference standards. Collectively, we present a "bioactivity-signature-toxicant" strategy to deconvolute mixtures and to connect patchy data sets and guide nontarget analysis for diverse chemicals that elicit the same bioactivity.

DNT cells mediate resistance to CAR-T cells therapy in a pediatric patient with relapsed and refractory B-ALL.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells therapy is a milestone achievement in the immunotherapy of relapsed and refractory (R/R) B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). However, some patients treated with CAR-T cells do not achieve complete remission, the mechanisms of which have not been elucidated. In the present study, we report a 9-year-old pediatric patient with refractory B-ALL received a triple infusion of autologous CD19 CAR-T cells therapy after the second relapse. CAR-T cells expanded in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. However, the patient did not achieve complete remission, indicating a lack of response to CAR-T cells therapy. Analysis of etiological factors revealed that the number of CD4 and CD8 double-negative T (DNT) cells was significantly upregulated in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, and autologous CAR-T cells products. In conclusiont, these findings indicate that DNT cells mediated resistance to CAR-T cells therapy in this pediatric patient with R/R B-ALL.

Demystifying COVID-19 mortality causes with interpretable data mining.

While COVID-19 becomes periodical, old individuals remain vulnerable to severe disease with high mortality. Although there have been some studies on revealing different risk factors affecting the death of COVID-19 patients, researchers rarely provide a comprehensive analysis to reveal the relationships and interactive effects of the risk factors of COVID-19 mortality, especially in the elderly. Through retrospectively including 1917 COVID-19 patients (102 were dead) admitted to Xiangya Hospital from December 2022 to March 2023, we used the association rule mining method to identify the risk factors leading causes of death among the elderly. Firstly, we used the Affinity Propagation clustering to extract key features from the dataset. Then, we applied the Apriori Algorithm to obtain 6 groups of abnormal feature combinations with significant increments in mortality rate. The results showed a relationship between the number of abnormal feature combinations and mortality rates within different groups. Patients with "C-reactive protein > 8 mg/L", "neutrophils percentage > 75.0 %", "lymphocytes percentage < 20%", and "albumin < 40 g/L" have a 2 × mortality rate than the basic one. When the characteristics of "D-dimer > 0.5 mg/L" and "WBC > 9.5 × 10 9 /L" are continuously included in this foundation, the mortality rate can be increased to 3 × or 4 × . In addition, we also found that liver and kidney diseases significantly affect patient mortality, and the mortality rate can be as high as 100%. These findings can support auxiliary diagnosis and treatment to facilitate early intervention in patients, thereby reducing patient mortality.

MRI-based deep learning and radiomics for prediction of occult cervical lymph node metastasis and prognosis in early-stage oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a diagnostic study.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of occult cervical lymph node metastases (OCLNM) is reported to be 20%-30% in early-stage oral cancer and oropharyngeal cancer. There is a lack of an accurate diagnostic method to predict occult lymph node metastasis and to help surgeons make precise treatment decisions. AIM: To construct and evaluate a preoperative diagnostic method to predict occult lymph node metastasis (OCLNM) in early-stage oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OC and OP SCC) based on deep learning features (DLFs) and radiomics features. METHODS: A total of 319 patients diagnosed with early-stage OC or OP SCC were retrospectively enrolled and divided into training, test and external validation sets. Traditional radiomics features and DLFs were extracted from their MRI images. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was employed to identify the most valuable features. Prediction models for OCLNM were developed using radiomics features and DLFs. The effectiveness of the models and their clinical applicability were evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC), decision curve analysis (DCA) and survival analysis. RESULTS: Seventeen prediction models were constructed. The Resnet50 deep learning (DL) model based on the combination of radiomics and DL features achieves the optimal performance, with AUC values of 0.928 (95% CI: 0.881-0.975), 0.878 (95% CI: 0.766-0.990), 0.796 (95% CI: 0.666-0.927) and 0.834 (95% CI: 0.721-0.947) in the training, test, external validation set1 and external validation set2, respectively. Moreover, the Resnet50 model has great prediction value of prognosis in patients with early-stage OC and OP SCC. CONCLUSION: The proposed MRI-based Resnet50 deep learning model demonstrated high capability in diagnosis of OCLNM and prognosis prediction in the early-stage OC and OP SCC. The Resnet50 model could help refine the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the early-stage OC and OP SCC.

The novel DNA methylation marker FIBIN suppresses non-small cell lung cancer metastasis by negatively regulating ANXA2.

OBJECTIVES: The clinical T1 stage solid lung cancer with metastasis is a serious threat to human life and health. In this study, we performed RNA sequencing on T1 advanced-stage lung cancer and adjacent tissues to identify a novel biomarker and explore its roles in lung cancer. METHODS: Quantitative reversed-transcription PCR, reverse transcription PCR and Western blot, MSP and Methtarget were utilized to evaluate FIBIN expression levels at both the transcriptional and protein levels as well as its methylation status. Differential target protein was evaluated for relative and absolute quantitation by isobaric tags. Co-IP was performed to detect the interactions between target protein. Precise location and expression levels of target proteins were revealed by immunofluorescence staining and component protein extraction using specific kits, respectively. RESULTS: We reported that FIBIN was frequently silenced due to promoter hypermethylation in lung cancer. Additionally, both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the significant anti-proliferation and anti-metastasis capabilities of FIBIN. Mechanistically, FIBIN decreased the nuclear accumulation of ß-catenin by reducing the binding activity of GSK3ß with ANXA2 while promoting interaction between GSK3ß and ß-catenin. CONCLUSION: Our findings firstly identify FIBIN is a tumor suppressor, frequently silenced due to promoter hypermethylation. FIBIN may serve as a predictive biomarker for progression or metastasis among early-stage lung cancer patients.

Corn Silk Polysaccharide Reduces the Risk of Kidney Stone Formation by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inhibiting COM Crystal Adhesion and Aggregation.

The aim of this study is to explore the inhibition of nanocalcium oxalate monohydrate (nano-COM) crystal adhesion and aggregation on the HK-2 cell surface after the protection of corn silk polysaccharides (CSPs) and the effect of carboxyl group (-COOH) content and polysaccharide concentration. METHOD: HK-2 cells were damaged by 100 nm COM crystals to build an injury model. The cells were protected by CSPs with -COOH contents of 3.92% (CSP0) and 16.38% (CCSP3), respectively. The changes in the biochemical indexes of HK-2 cells and the difference in adhesion amount and aggregation degree of nano-COM on the cell surface before and after CSP protection were detected. RESULTS: CSP0 and CCSP3 protection can obviously inhibit HK-2 cell damage caused by nano-COM crystals, restore cytoskeleton morphology, reduce intracellular ROS level, inhibit phosphoserine eversion, restore the polarity of the mitochondrial membrane potential, normalize the cell cycle process, and reduce the expression of adhesion molecules, OPN, Annexin A1, HSP90, HAS3, and CD44 on the cell surface. Finally, the adhesion and aggregation of nano-COM crystals on the cell surface were effectively inhibited. The carboxymethylated CSP3 exhibited a higher protective effect on cells than the original CSP0, and cell viability was further improved with the increase in polysaccharide concentration. CONCLUSIONS: CSPs can protect HK-2 cells from calcium oxalate crystal damage and effectively reduce the adhesion and aggregation of nano-COM crystals on the cell surface, which is conducive to inhibiting the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones.

Conformation-Switchable Polypeptides as Molecular Gates for Controllable Drug Release.

The control over secondary structure has been widely studied to regulate the properties of polypeptide materials, which is used to change their functions in situ for various biomedical applications. Herein, we designed and constructed enzyme-responsive polypeptides as gating materials for mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), which underwent a distorted structure-to-helix transition to promote the release of encapsulated drugs. The polypeptide conjugated on the MSN surface adopted a negatively charged, distorted, flexible conformation, covering the pores of MSN to prevent drug leakage. Upon triggering by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) overproduced by tumor cells, the polypeptide transformed into positively charged, α-helical, rigid conformation with potent membrane-penetrating capabilities, which protruded from the MSN surface to uncover the pores. Such a transition thus enabled cancer-selective drug release and cellular internalization to efficiently kill tumor cells. This study highlights the important role of chain flexibility in modulating the biological function of polypeptides and provides a new application paradigm for synthetic polypeptides with secondary-structure transition.

The genome of Lespedeza potaninii reveals biased subgenome evolution and drought adaptation.

Lespedeza potaninii, a xerophytic subshrub belonging to the legume family, is native to the Tengger Desert and is highly adapted to drought. It has important ecological value due to its drought adaptability, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report a 1.24 Gb chromosome-scale assembly of the L. potaninii genome (contig N50=15.75 Mb). Our results indicate that L. potaninii underwent an allopolyploid event with two subgenomes, A and B, presenting asymmetric evolution and B subgenome dominance. We estimate that the two diploid progenitors of L. potaninii diverged around 3.6 MYA and merged around 1.0 MYA. We revealed that the expansion of hub genes associated with drought responses, such as the binding partner 1 of accelerated cell death 11 (ACD11) (BPA1), facilitated environmental adaptations of L. potaninii to desert habitats. We found a novel function of the BPA1 family in abiotic stress tolerance in addition to the known role in regulating the plant immune response, which could improve drought tolerance by positively regulating reactive oxygen species homeostasis in plants. We revealed that bZIP transcription factors could bind to the BPA1 promoter and activate its transcription. Our work fills the genomic data gap in the Lespedeza genus and the tribe Desmodieae, which should provide both theoretical support in the study of drought tolerance and in the molecular breeding of legume crops.

Clinical Characteristics and 2-Year Outcomes of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients With High Blood Eosinophil Counts: A Population-based Prospective Cohort Study in China.

BACKGROUND: High blood eosinophil count (BEC) is a useful biomarker for guiding inhaled corticosteroid therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), yet its implications in a community setting remain underexplored. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COPD patients with high BEC within the Chinese community. METHODS: We obtained baseline and 2-year follow-up data from COPD patients (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity <0.70) in the early COPD study. Patients with a BEC ≥300cells/µL were classified as the high BEC group. We assessed differences in the clinical characteristics and outcomes between high and low BEC patients. Subgroup analyses were conducted on COPD patients without a history of corticosteroid use or asthma. RESULTS: Of the 897 COPD patients, 205 (22.9%) had high BEC. At baseline, high BEC patients exhibited a higher proportion of chronic respiratory symptoms, lower lung function, and more severe small airway dysfunction than low BEC patients. Over the 2-year period, high BEC patients experienced a significantly higher risk of acute exacerbations (relative risk: 1.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.09-1.49; P=0.002), even after adjusting for confounders. No significant difference was observed in lung function decline rates. The subgroup analysis yielded consistent results. CONCLUSIONS: COPD patients with high BEC in a Chinese community exhibited poorer health status, more severe small airway dysfunction, and a higher risk of exacerbations. Future research should explore the pathological mechanisms underlying the poorer prognosis in patients with high BEC.

The janus face of serotonin: Regenerative promoter and chronic liver disease aggravator.

The progression of liver diseases, from viral hepatitis and fatty liver disease to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the most representative series of pathological events in liver diseases. While serotonin (5-HT) primarily regulates brain functions such as psychology, mood, and appetite in the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral 5-HT plays a crucial role in regulating tumor development, glucose and lipid metabolism, immune function and inflammatory response related to liver diseases. These peripheral physiological processes involving 5-HT are the key mechanisms driving the development of these liver diseases. This study presents an overview of the existing literature, focusing on the role of 5-HT in HCC, cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, and liver injury. In summary, while 5-HT promotes liver regeneration, it can also contribute to the progression of chronic liver disease. These findings indicate the potential for the development and use of 5-HT-related drugs for the treatment of liver diseases, including HCC and cirrhosis.

Injectable Thermosensitive Gel CH-BPNs-NBP for Effective Periodontitis Treatment through ROS-Scavenging and Jaw Vascular Unit Protection.

Periodontitis, a prevalent inflammatory condition in the oral cavity, is closely associated with oxidative stress-induced tissue damage mediated by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The jaw vascular unit (JVU), encompassing both vascular and lymphatic vessels, plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue fluid homeostasis and contributes to the pathological process in inflammatory diseases of the jaw. This study presents a novel approach for treating periodontitis through the development of an injectable thermosensitive gel (CH-BPNs-NBP). The gel formulation incorporates black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNs), which are notable for their ROS-scavenging properties, and dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), a vasodilator that promotes lymphatic vessel function within the JVU. These results demonstrate that the designed thermosensitive gel serve as a controlled release system, delivering BPNs and NBP to the site of inflammation. CH-BPNs-NBP not only protects macrophages and human lymphatic endothelial cells from ROS attack but also promotes M2 polarization and lymphatic function. In in vivo studies, this work observes a significant reduction in inflammation and tissue damage, accompanied by a notable promotion of alveolar bone regeneration. This research introduces a promising therapeutic strategy for periodontitis, leveraging the unique properties of BPNs and NBP within an injectable thermosensitive gel.

A panel of four plasma amino acids is a promising biomarker for newly diagnosed bladder cancer.

BACKGROUND: Metastasis and recurrence are the main causes of death in post-operative bladder cancer (BC), emphasizing the importance of exploring early-stage diagnostic markers. Serum biomarkers constitute a promising diagnostic approach for asymptomatic stage cancer as they are non-invasive, have high accuracy and low cost. AIMS: To correlate concentrations of plasma amino acids with BC progression to assess their utility as an early-stage diagnostic. METHODS: Newly diagnosed BC patients (n = 95) and normal controls (n = 96) were recruited during the period from 1 December 2018 to 30 December 2020. General and food frequency questionnaires established their basic information and dietary intake data. Venous blood samples were collected from fasting subjects and used to detect levels of plasma amino acids by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Verification was performed on the GSE13507 transcriptome gene expression matrix of BC from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. RESULTS: Eleven amino acids have been identified as altered in the plasma of newly diagnosed BC patients compared to controls (P < 0.05). Adjusted by gender, education, smoking and other factors, plasma ornithine level (OR = 0.256, 95% CI: 0.104-0.630) is a protective factor for BC, plasma levels of methionine (OR = 3.460, 95% CI: 1.384-8.651), arginine (OR = 3.851, 95% CI: 1.542-9.616), and glutamate (OR = 3.813, 95% CI: 1.543-9.419) are all risk factors for BC. ROC analysis demonstrated that the combination of plasma ornithine, methionine, arginine and glutamate could accurately diagnose BC (AUC = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.747-0.833). In addition, the mRNA level of arginase 1 was decreased (P < 0.05), while the inducible nitric oxide synthase was increased significantly, which may be linked with the disturbance of arginine metabolism in BC patients. Further analysis of GEO database confirmed the role of arginine metabolism. CONCLUSION: A biomarker panel containing four amino acids may provide a feasible strategy for the early diagnosis of BC. However, further validation is required through prospective studies.

A genomic compendium of cultivated human gut fungi characterizes the gut mycobiome and its relevance to common diseases.

The gut fungal community represents an essential element of human health, yet its functional and metabolic potential remains insufficiently elucidated, largely due to the limited availability of reference genomes. To address this gap, we presented the cultivated gut fungi (CGF) catalog, encompassing 760 fungal genomes derived from the feces of healthy individuals. This catalog comprises 206 species spanning 48 families, including 69 species previously unidentified. We explored the functional and metabolic attributes of the CGF species and utilized this catalog to construct a phylogenetic representation of the gut mycobiome by analyzing over 11,000 fecal metagenomes from Chinese and non-Chinese populations. Moreover, we identified significant common disease-related variations in gut mycobiome composition and corroborated the associations between fungal signatures and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through animal experimentation. These resources and findings substantially enrich our understanding of the biological diversity and disease relevance of the human gut mycobiome.

Sleep quality during pregnancy and fetal growth: A prospective cohort study.

The aim of this study is to investigate the association between sleep quality during pregnancy and fetal growth. Pregnant women and their fetuses at 16-20 gestational weeks in Nantong Maternal and Child Health Hospital were recruited. Women were classified as having "good sleep quality" (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score ≤ 5) and "poor sleep quality" (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score > 5) according to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores. The fetal growth was evaluated by three ultrasonographic examinations, birth weight and birth length. We used general linear model and multiple linear regression models to estimate the associations. A total of 386 pairs of mother and infant were included in the data analysis. After adjusting for gestational weight gain, anxiety and depression, fetuses in the good sleep quality group had greater abdominal circumference (p = 0.039 for 28-31+6 weeks gestation, p = 0.012 for 37-40+6 weeks gestation) and femur length (p = 0.014 for 28-31+6 weeks gestation, p = 0.041for 37-40+6 weeks gestation) at 28-31+6 weeks gestation and 37-40+6 weeks gestation, and increased femur length (p = 0.007) at 28-31+6 weeks gestation. Birth weights (p = 0.018) were positively associated with sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was associated with poor intrauterine physical development, decreased abdominal circumference and femur length, and lower birth weight after adjusting for confounding factors. Attention to the fetal growth of pregnant women with poor sleep quality has the potential to decrease the risk of adverse fetal outcomes.

NUP43 promotes PD-L1/nPD-L1/PD-L1 feedback loop via TM4SF1/JAK/STAT3 pathway in colorectal cancer progression and metastatsis.

Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has a significant role in tumor progression and metastasis, facilitating tumor cell evasion from immune surveillance. PD-L1 can be detected in the tumor cell nucleus and exert an oncogenic effect by nuclear translocation. Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and liver metastasis (CCLM) are among the most lethal diseases worldwide, but the mechanism of PD-L1 nuclear translocation in CRC and CCLM remains to be fully understood. In this study, using CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-wide screening combined with RNA-seq, we found that the oncogenic factor NUP43 impacted the process of PD-L1 nuclear translocation by regulating the expression level of the PD-L1 chaperone protein IPO5. Subsequent investigation revealed that this process could stimulate the expression of tumor-promoting factor TM4SF1 and further activate the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, which ultimately enhanced the transcription of PD-L1, thus establishing a PD-L1-nPD-L1-PD-L1 feedback loop that ultimately promoted CRC progression and CCLM. In conclusion, our study reveals a novel role for nPD-L1 in CRC, identifies the PD-L1-nPD-L1-PD-L1 feedback loop in CRC, and provides a therapeutic strategy for CRC patients.

An Injectable Black Phosphorus Hydrogel for Rapid Tooth Extraction Socket Healing.

The excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) will delay tooth extraction socket (TES) healing. In this study, we developed an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel (NBP@BP@CS) used to treat TES healing. The hydrogel formulation incorporated black phosphorus (BP) nanoflakes, recognized for their accelerated alveolar bone regeneration and ROS-scavenging properties, and dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), a vasodilator aimed at enhancing angiogenesis. In vivo investigations strongly demonstrated that NBP@BP@CS improved TES healing due to antioxidation and promotion of alveolar bone regeneration by BP nanoflakes. The sustained release of NBP from the hydrogel promoted neovascularization and vascular remodeling. Our results demonstrated that the designed thermosensitive hydrogel provided great opportunity not only for ROS elimination but also for the promotion of osteogenesis and angiogenesis, reflecting the "three birds with one stone" concept, and has tremendous potential for rapid TES healing.

Proteomic Analysis of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Protein Modulation of Differently Expressed Proteins in Lactobacillus plantarum under Bile Salt Stress.

Tolerance to bile stress is a crucial property for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to survive in the gastrointestinal tract and exert their beneficial effects. Whey powder enriched with milk fat globule membrane proteins (M-WPI) as a functional component is protective for strains under stress conditions. The current study investigated the key mechanisms of action involved in Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) CGMCC 23701 survival in the presence of bile and the protective mechanism of M-WPI. According to proteomic analysis (proteomics), there could be several reasons for the greater protective effect of M-WPI. These include promoting the synthesis of fatty acids and peptidoglycans to repair the structure of the cell surface, regulating the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids to release energy and produce a range of precursors, enabling the expression of the repair system to repair damaged DNA, and promoting the expression of proteins associated with the multidrug efflux pump, which facilitates the exocytosis of intracellular bile salts. This study helps us to better understand the changes in proteome of L. plantarum CGMCC 23701 under bile salt stress and M-WPI protection, which will provide a new method for the protection and development of functional LAB.

Selenium-catalyzed allylic C-H phosphoramidation of alkenes.

We report herein a synthesis of allylic phosphoramidates from alkenes by selenium-catalyzed allylic C-H derivatization. This method features mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and high functional group tolerance, enabling late-stage modification of a number of complex substrates. In addition, this protocol was applied to modify caryophyllene and produced a photoaffinity probe capable of proteomic target labeling in live HeLa cells.