Tribological behavior and in vitro biocompatibility of powder metallurgical Ti-15Mo/HA composite for bone repair.

Ti-15Mo/HA composite was prepared by powder metallurgy, and the influence of Hydroxyapatite (HA) on the microstructure, tribological behavior and in vitro biocompatibility was studied by comparison with TC4. The results show that the Ti-15Mo/HA composite consists of increased α-Ti, decreased ß-Ti and a variety of ceramic phases (CaTiO3, Ca3(PO4)2, CaO, etc.) with the increase of HA content. The friction coefficient and wear rate of Ti-15Mo/HA composite is apparently lower than those of TC4 due to solid solution strengthening of Mo in Ti and dispersion strengthening of ceramic phases. Ti-15Mo/5HA displays more excellent wear resistance than the other composite. TC4 alloy is dominated by adhesive wear, however, Ti-15Mo alloy is a combination of adhesive wear and abrasive wear. Ti-15Mo/HA composite is mainly subjected to abrasive wear, together with adhesive wear. The viability and the number of mouse osteoblasts in Ti-15Mo/5HA extract are higher than that of Ti-15Mo. The morphology of the osteoblasts is clear and full, and the growth and proliferation are satisfactory with the increased cell pseudopodia with the culture time. The Ti-15Mo/HA composite displays good wear resistance and biocompatibility, and accordingly has a potential application in bone repair materials.

The antiviral effects of TRIM23 and TRIM32 proteins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

TRIM proteins play a crucial antiviral effector role in the innate immune system of vertebrates. In this study, we found that TRIM proteins exhibited the highest expression levels in immune organs such as spleen and kidney during IHNV infection in rainbow trout, meanwhile, we successfully amplified TRIM23 and TRIM32 from diseased rainbow trout and analyzed their gene sequences, revealing that rainbow trout TRIM23 and TRIM32 proteins are closely related to Atlantic salmon and Chinook salmon; In this experiment, the TRIM23 and TRIM32 protein genes were resoundingly constructed as a recombinant plasmids and expressed in CHSE-214 cells. Upon transfected with the recombinant plasmid, followed by viral infection, significant decreasion in the copy numbers of the virus was observed, indicating that the TRIM23 and TRIM32 proteins of rainbow trout play an important role in inhibiting virus replication, with the TRIM32 role being the most pronounced. These results provide a basis for subsequent in-depth study of the antiviral effects of TRIM proteins, and provide new ideas for immune enhancers.

Application of ComplexGAPI for the green assessment of a deep eutectic solvent-based ferrofluid assisted liquid-liquid microextraction method for detection of dimethyl phthalate in beverage samples.

In the present study, a novel ferrofluid was prepared by combining a menthol/thymol deep eutectic solvent with magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@OA). This composite was first applied in vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-LLME), followed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for the determination of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) residues in beverages. The synthesized deep eutectic solvent-based ferrofluid (DES-FF) was characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the type of carrier, pH of the sample solution, ferrofluid volume, salt amount, vortex time, type and volume of elution solvents and desorption time were statistically optimized for high extraction efficiencies. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.008 µg mL-1 and 0.03 µg mL-1, respectively. Moreover, the mean recoveries for DMP ranged from 85.2% to 99.5%, and intra- and inter-day precisions were less than 5.5% and 7.8%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of dimethyl phthalate in real samples, making it a promising analysis technique for beverage samples. The greenness of the entire procedure of our proposed method was assessed by comparing it with other reported methods using ComplexGAPI (Complex Green Analytical Procedure Index). The results show that our proposed method has a better greenness than other reported methods.